【正文】 所以 SMRW半徑為 R = 4 a大約是 m。 與環(huán) 諧振 器 其他表面模式相比 [3]， 計(jì)算結(jié)果表明 ， 環(huán)形諧振器 有 較小 量的 輻射損失的因?yàn)楸砻婺Ｊ接泻芎玫?波導(dǎo)特性 。 這種結(jié)構(gòu)提供了 通道濾波器 的 可能性 ， 并可用于未來光波分復(fù)用 通信系統(tǒng) 。 鳴謝 這項(xiàng)研究受到中國國家自然科學(xué)基金 （ 、 6090703and 60825103)， 浙江省自然科學(xué)基金 （ )， 浙江 工業(yè)大學(xué)基金 （ No:0901103012408)， 區(qū)域光纖通信網(wǎng)與新型光通信系統(tǒng)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放課題基金 （ sh07)。 參考文獻(xiàn) ： [1] S. Otto, SPIE 6872 (2021) 68720H. [2] B. Wang, . Wang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 (2021) 133106. [3] XiaoSanshui , LiuLiu , QiuLiu , Opt. Express 14 (7) (2021) 2932. [4] . Little, . Chu, . Haus, J. Foresi, . Laine, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 15 (1997) 998. [5] T. Barwicz, M. Popovic, P. Rakich, M. Watts, H. Haus, E. Ippen, H. Smith, Opt. Express 12 (2021) 1437. [6] JanneMatti Heinola, Kimmo Tolsa, IEEE Trans. Dielec. Elec. Insul. 13 (4) (August2021) 717. [7] . Yebo, D. Taillaert, J. Roels, D. Lahem, M. Debliquy, D. Van Thourhout, R. Baets, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 21 (14) (July 15, 2021) 960. 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Symp. 2021, 281, 119–125 DOI: Latex Film Formation in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope Kalin Dragnevski,*1 Athene Donald,1 Phil Taylor,2 Martin Murray,3 Simon Davies,3 Elizabeth Bone3 Summary: Environmental scanning electron microscopy (E SEM) was used to study the film formation mechanisms and extent of coalescence of three acrylic latex positions with different glass transition temperatures (Tg), here defined as standard low Tg, standardhigh Tg (both carboxymethyl cellulose stabilised) and novel (stabilised with a novel polysaccharide derived from agricultural waste). The ESEM analysis revealed that the microstructure of the standard – lowTg system consisted of individual particles in dispersion and upon evaporation a continuous film formed, whereas in the case of the standard high Tg latex particle deformation was not observed, but particle aggregation resulted in the formation of crystallike structures that have formed via the formation of stacking faults. However, in the case of the novel system the microstructure consisted of individual particles and clusters and during evaporation a discontinuous film formed with voids present within its structure and some of the clusters accumulating on the surface of the specimens. Keywords: ESEM。 film formation。 polymer latex Introduction Polymer latices, with their wide range of applications, have been the subject of many theoretical and experimental studies. When used for its traditional applications, . as paint or adhesive, the latex is applied in its wet state to a surface and allowed to dry and form film under ambient conditions. Therefore, conventional electron micro scopy, with its extreme drying and sample preparation requirements, will not be suitable for the examination of latices in their natural wet state. On the other hand, environmental scanning electron micro scopy[1 ], which offers the possibility of 1 Sector of Biological amp。 Soft Systems, Cavendish Laboratory, Depart ment of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK Email: 2 ICI Paints, Slough, Berkshire, SL2 5DS, UK 3 ICI Wilton Applied Research Group, The Wilton Centre, Redcar, TS10 4RF, UK imaging ‘wet’ and insulating specimens, has been successfully used in the study of a number of systems and dynamic processes including latices and film formation.[2–6] ESEM is based on the use of a multiple aperture graduated vacuum system, which allows specimens to be imaged under water vapour or other auxiliary gases, such as nitrogen or nitrous oxide.[4] In this way, the chamber can be held at pressures usually in the range of 1–10 Torr[7], while the gun and column remain at pressures of 10 7 Torr. Moreover, by using a correct pumpdown procedure [8] and by controlling the temperature of the speci men, which in the ESEM is usually done by using a Peltier stage, dehydration can be inhibited and hence samples can be imaged in their ‘natural state’. Furthermore, by taking into consideration the saturated vapour pressure (SVP) curve for water as a function of temperature[8] and by increas ing the temperature of the specimen or reducing the chamber pressure, it is possi Copyright 2021 WIL E YV C H Verlag GmbH amp。 Co. KGaA, Weinheim 120 Macromol. Symp. 2021, 281, 119–125 Figure 1. Schematic representation of an idealized film formation process. Adapted from Keddie et al. to include the intermediate Stage II . ble to produce evaporation conditions within the specimen chamber, which allows examination of the process of film forma tion. As mentioned above, polymer latices