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【正文】 tructure:especially in confined zones where vibrating paction is difficult (3) to eliminate noise due to vibration: effective especially at concrete products plants That means the current condition of selfpacting concrete is a “special concrete” rather than standard concrete. Currently, the percentage of selfpacting concrete in annual product of readymixed concrete in Japan is around % (Fig. 1) [2]. 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 3 A typical application example of Selfpacting concrete is the two anchorages of AkashiKaikyo (Straits) Bridge opened in April 1998, a suspension bridge with the longest span in the world (1,991 meters) [3] (Fig. 2). The volume of the cast concrete in the two anchorages amounted to 290,000 m3. A new construction system, whichmakes full use of the performance of selfpacting concrete, was introduced for concrete was mixed at the batcher plant beside the site, and was the pumped out of theplant. It was transported 200 meters through pipes to the casting site, where the pipes were arranged in rows 3 to 5 meters apart. The concrete was cast from gate valves located at 5meter intervals along the pipes. These valves were automatically controlled so that a surface level of the cast concrete could be maintained. In the final analysis, the use of selfpacting concrete shortened the anchorage construction period by 20%, from to 2 years. 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 4 Selfpacting concrete was used for the wall of a large LNG tank belonging to the Osaka Gas Company, whose concrete casting was pleted in June 1998 [3]. The volume of the selfpacting concrete used in the tank amounted to 12,000 m3. The adoption of selfpacting concrete means that (1) the number of lots decreases from 14 to 10, as the height of one lot of concrete casting was increased. (2) the number of concrete workers was reduced from 150 to 50. (3) the construction period of the structure decreased from 22 months to18 months. Selfpacting concrete is often employed in concrete products to eliminate the noise of vibration [3]. This improves the working environment at plants and makes it possible for concrete product plants to be located in the urban area. The annual production of concrete products using selfpacting concrete exceeded 200,000 tons in 1996 [2]. 3. INVESTIGATIONS ON SELFCOMPACTING CONCRETE Various investigations have been carried out in order to make selfpacting concrete a standard one. The items to be solved are summarized as follows: (1) selfpactability testing method (2) mixdesign method including evaluation method for materials (3) construction method including acceptance test at jobsite (4) new construction system to make full use of the performance of SCC The investigations were carried out at each university, large construction pany and material activities were also carried out. As the result, Architectural Institute of Japan and Japan Society of Civil Engineers established “Remendations for Mix Design and Construction Practice of Highly Fluidity Concrete” in 1997 and “Remendation for Construction of 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 5 SelfCompacting Concrete” in 1998 respectively. The national readymixed concrete industry association, Japan, established “Manual for Manufacturing of SelfCompacting Concrete” in 1998 [3]. Selfpactability testing method There are two purposes for selfpactability testing methods. One i
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