【正文】 of improving intercultural munication and overing the barriers. Ⅱ Barriers to Intercultural Communication Whenever we municate with others, we all hope that the munication is a fulfilling and effective interaction. But, we often meet some obstacles unavoidably. So, we should know some barriers, which will impair our petence and effective munication. Here, 江蘇科技大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院研究生課程論文 2 this paper will focus on the thinking mode, value orientation, pragmatic transfer and munication norms. Mode People of different cultures have different cognitive models to the outside world which leads to the differences in thinking modes, especially between the east and west. The characteristics of western thinking mode are logic and analysis, while eastern mode is based on intuition. It is also the feature of the Chinese traditional cultural thinking mode. People, living in this kind of culture, pay special attention to the intuition, with an obvious generality and vagueness. With the lapse of time, the mindset is formed. Mindset can be interpreted as recognition and simplify the process of the classification of the external perception. Of course, some stereotype is correct, while others are wrong, which may directly affect intercultural munication, resulting in munication errors. In intercultural munication, people?s predictions of the behavior of the others in such a mindset are based on their own culture. This kind of mistake will not only happen on the average people, even famous people like leaders also cannot avoid. By the end of 1949, when MAO Zedong wanted to explain his different view on the issue of the modern Chinese revolution to Stalin during his visit to the Soviet Union, Stalin always changed the topic. Later, when Stalin?s men visited Mao, he lost his temper ad said some bad word, which made them feel puzzled. Actually, in China, people think the attitude of treating a subordinate officer is the attitude towards the officials. MAO zedong39。s intention was that they would tell Stalin So that Stalin could make an appointment with him. But in the Soviet Union, people39。s cognition mode is very different. In their view, the reason that subordinates of a senior official are scorned is that they do poor work. If they tell their supervisor 江蘇科技大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院研究生課程論文 3 about that, they will be severely reprimanded. Because of the differences in mindsets, Mao?s efforts became meaningless. Value Orientation People learned munication skills in the process of socialization, and this kind of municative petence and values are inevitably associated together. Every culture has its unique value system. The system is to inform people what is good and what is evil。 what is beautiful and what is ugly。 what is to be mended and what should be suppressed. This value bees a cultural philosophy, moral standard and code of conduct for people. Every culture has different judgment standards. But within its own cultural system, it has its rationality of existence. It must not be understood as a standard of value advanced, while another behind. In Chinese culture, people advocate modest and polite. Adaptable and contentment are seen as a pursuit of the realm. Temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous are regarded as firm beliefs. But petitive, self expression and personal highlight are met cold eyes, and even treated unfairly. The pursuit of personal development is seen as a serious individualism. And individualism in the collective orientation dominated Chinese culture, is bound to be condemned for. In western culture, taking all things calmly is seen as an expression of the lack of entrepreneurial spirit, is synonymous with laziness and inpetence. Individualism is the core of its values. This culture advocates independent thinking and judgment, encourages people to rely on their ability to achieve their personal interests. Individualism means not only the pursuit of personal material interests, but also the pursuit of differences. In Oriental culture, especially in China, North Korea South Korea and other countries, in addition to guard home, dogs can be eaten. Words used in the Chinese culture, dog is a derogatory 江蘇科技大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院研究生課程論文 4 word, such as “狗仗人勢(shì) ” “狗尾續(xù)貂 ” “狗頭軍師 ” “狗血噴頭 ”. But in Western culture, the dog is seen as man39。s best friend. Communication Norms Because the interpretation of the same municative acts, endowed justice and judgment are based on different norms of social behavior, people of different cultural backgrounds often misunderstand each other. Communication norm is a very important process of munication. From the munication point of vi