【正文】
. A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood , as if their immune systemsthe selfprotecting mechanism against diseasehad crashed. 二、譯文 睡眠通常被分為所謂的 REM 睡眠階段( REM=rapid eye movement 眼睛快速運動)和較長非 REM 睡眠階段, 前者特點為眼球快速轉(zhuǎn)動并做夢。我們對兩種形式的睡眠了解都不多,但是人們認為 REM 睡眠對大腦起某種康 復(fù)功能的作用。非 REM 睡眠的作用更加神秘。最近睡眠研究協(xié)會在明尼阿波利斯舉行的會議上,專家們首次描 述的一些新實驗,對非 REM 睡眠的作用的闡釋令人興奮。 例如,人們早已了解到,完全剝奪其睡眠對老鼠具 有 100%的致命性,然而,在檢查老鼠尸體時,這些動物 看上去完全正常。一研究人員已闡明這些動物死亡原因的奧秘。老鼠患血液細菌感染,似乎他們的免疫系統(tǒng)(抵 抗疾病的自我保護機制)已崩潰。 三、考研核心詞匯 characterize / 5kArIktEraIz / vt. 表現(xiàn) ...的特色 , 刻畫的 ...性格 [例 ] This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind. 這種舉止是罪犯的心理特征。 [同義 ] depict, describe, distinguish, picture, portray, represent [派生 ] characterization / 7kAriktErai5zeiFEn / n. 描述 , 人物之創(chuàng)造 assume / E5sju:m / vt. 假定 , 設(shè)想 , 采取 , 呈現(xiàn) [例 ] The queen assumed a velvet robe. 王后穿了一件天鵝絨長袍 [同義 ] adopt, believe, presume. put on, suppose, suspect [反義 ] conclude / kEn5klu:d / v. 結(jié)束 , 終止 , 決定 , 作出結(jié)論 vt. 推斷 , 斷定 , 締結(jié) , 議定 [派生 ] assumed / E5sju:md / adj. 假定的 , 假裝的 , 裝的 restorative / ri5stC:rEtiv / adj. 有助于復(fù)元的 n. 滋補劑 [例 ] a restorative tonic 有恢復(fù)作用的滋補品 [派生 ] restore / ris5tC: / vt. 恢復(fù) , 使回復(fù) , 歸還 , 交還 , 修復(fù) , 重建 function / 5fQNkFEn / n. 官能 , 功能 , 作用 , 職責 , 典禮 , 儀式 , [數(shù) ]函數(shù) vi. (器官等 )活動 , 運行 , 行使職責 [例 ] Growth is a function of nutrition . 長身體是由營養(yǎng)決定的。 [同義 ] act, ceremony, exercise, gathering, operate, perform [派生 ] functional / 5fQNkFEnl / adj. 功 能的 [固定搭配 ] public function 盛大的公共集會 , 正式社交集會; social function 盛大的公共集會 , 正式社交集會; purpose / 5pE:pEs / n. 目的 , 意圖 , 用途 , 效果 , 決心 , 意志 vt. 打算 , 企圖 , 決心 [例 ] He went to town with the purpose of buying a new television. 他進城的目的是買一臺新電視機。 [同義 ] aim, design, determination, goal, intention, object [派生 ] purposeful / 5pE:pEsful / adj. 有目的的 [固定搭配 ] on purpose 故意地;有意地; to good purpose 有益地,有成效地 to little purpose or to no purpose 幾乎徒勞的,少有成效地 deprivation / 7depri5veiFEn / n. 剝奪 [例 ] deprivation of civil rights 剝奪公民權(quán) [派生 ] deprival /di5praivEl/ n. 剝奪 deprive / di5praiv / vt. 剝奪 , 使喪失 fatal /5feitl/ adj. 致命的 , 重大的 , 命運注定的 , 不幸的 , 致命的 , 毀滅性的 [例 ] ―It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it‖ (Douglas MacArthur). ―不抱贏的希望參加戰(zhàn)爭,那是必死無疑的 ‖ (道格拉斯 \u40614X克阿瑟)。 [同義 ] deadly, destructive, disastrous, fateful, important, killing [派生 ] fatally / 5feItElI / adv. 致命地 , 宿命地 , 不幸地 bacterial / bAk`tIErIEl / adj. 細菌的 [例 ] bacterial diseases. 細菌性疾病 [派生 ] bacteria / bAk5tiEriE / n. 細菌 immune / i5mju:n / adj. 免疫的 [例 ] The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police. 罪犯被告知說 ,如果他協(xié)助警方 ,就可以免受懲罰。 [同義 ] clear, exempt, free, resistant [反義 ] liable / 5laiEbl / adj. 有責任的 , 有義務(wù) 的 , 易 ...的 , 有 ...傾向的 , 負有責任的 , 很有可能的 susceptible / sE5septEbl / adj. 易受影響的 , 易感動的 , 容許 ...的 n. (因缺乏免疫力而 ) 易得病的人 [派生 ] immunize / `ImjU:naIz / v. 使免疫 , 賦予免疫性 crash / krAF / n. 碰撞 , 墜落 , 墜毀 , 撞擊聲 , 爆裂聲 v. 碰撞 , 墜落 , 墜毀 , (指商業(yè)公司 , 政府等 )破產(chǎn) , 垮臺 [例 ] The elephant crashed through the forest. 大象沖進森林。 [同義 ] break, shatter, smash, strike [派生 ] crasher / `krAFE(r) / n. 猛擊 , 不速之客 [固定搭配 ] on a crash basis 緊 [應(yīng) ]急地; with a crash 轟隆一聲; 四、強化練習(xí) 1. The scientists monitored the patients39。 blood pressure, release of harmful hormones(荷爾蒙 ) and other measurables that__________ heart failure. A. characterize B. consider C. integrity D. intend 2. The panies _________ no obligation to update any forwardlooking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. A. intervene B. dictate C. prolong D. assume 3. Architectural form should not rigidly follow__________, but ought to reflect the needs of the social body it represents. A. profession B. function C. vacation D. vocation 4. The________ of today I e here is to help people who want to learn English but don’t know how to learn. A. neglect B. proposal C. purpose D. likely 5. Survival is usually uppermost in the minds of panies with their backs to the wall, even if that entails being reduced to a minority stake. In Thailand, however, most ailing panies seem loathe to admit that their conditions may be_______. A. gross B. fatal C. flat D. extinct 答案: ADBCB Unit 3 一、 真題文章 Vitamins are anic pounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, nor do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for transforming foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if any is missing a deficiency disease bees apparent. Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body. Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people, nevertheless, believe in being on the safe side and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well balanced diet will usually meet all the body39。 s vitamin needs. 二、 譯文 維生素是有機化合物,飲食中少量的維生素是維持動物(包括人類)生存和生長必不可少的部分。 它們不提供能量,也不構(gòu)成身體的任何一部分,它們的任務(wù)是把食物轉(zhuǎn)變成能量和維持身體健康。至少有 13 種 維生素,若缺少其中一種,缺乏癥疾病便明顯可見。 各種維生素都很相似,因為它們由同樣的元素構(gòu)成,一般包括碳、氫、氧,有時還有氮。各種維生素的不 同之處在于,各種維生素的元素排列不同,同時每種維生素在人體內(nèi)都有一種或多種特別的作用。 吸取足夠的維生素對生命是必要的,但過量的維生素對人體并無滋養(yǎng)的用處。盡管如此,許多人出于保險 的想法,還是攝入過量的維生素。不過均衡的飲食一般能夠完全滿足身體對維生素的全部需求。 三、 考研核心詞匯 vitamin / 5vaitEmin, 5vi / n. 維