【正文】 的控制器 , 這種控制就變得比較容易的，而且系統(tǒng)的精密性也會(huì)提高。 表 2 所示的是控制上面提到的系統(tǒng)的必需設(shè)施。通過時(shí)間圖表 ,表 2 ，和圖 5 和 6描述了每一步驟的程序和系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)部件。這說明記錄所有步驟的運(yùn)行結(jié)構(gòu)圖并把他們送給控制器 (表 3 和 4 所示 )。 使用傳統(tǒng)的 PLC的 ,如圖 7， 8所示，在繪制接口處的電圖表時(shí)，要注意線路的邏輯。使用這種可編程的控制器 ,使用者必須知道運(yùn)行方法的觀念并且規(guī)劃每個(gè)步驟的結(jié)構(gòu)。 那就是說，使用傳統(tǒng)的 PLC ，使用者清楚各個(gè)操作之間的關(guān)系。一般情況下，使用者可以在接口上運(yùn)行一個(gè)模擬程序?qū)ふ疫壿嬌系腻e(cuò)誤同之前所述的一樣，新的編程允許每一步驟的結(jié)構(gòu)被分割。 序列獨(dú)自被定義，但每一步驟只被輸入和輸出端描述。 圖 9 A ,B 傳動(dòng)裝置和傳感器 圖 10 C ,D 傳動(dòng)裝置和傳感器 表 5 表現(xiàn)的是使用系統(tǒng)如何被儲(chǔ)藏在控制器里 ,這在前文中也詳細(xì)說明過。序列被 25個(gè)位元組所定義。這些位元組被分成 5組，每一組描述系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的一個(gè)步驟 。 （圖 9 和 10） 7. 結(jié)論 這種控制器是專門為這一項(xiàng)目所設(shè)計(jì)的 。 (圖 11) 顯示了一個(gè)以微控制器為基礎(chǔ)的非常有用的可編程的控制器。它不需要為了獲取微控制器里的資源而安裝外部記憶器或外部的定時(shí)器。除了微控制器之外 ,只有少量的零部件執(zhí)行一些如輸出，輸入，類比輸入 ,顯示接口和連續(xù)運(yùn)行的情況等功能。 單獨(dú)使用內(nèi)部記憶 ,我們可以控制一個(gè)有 48個(gè)步驟的氣流系統(tǒng)，但是如果使用一個(gè)比較簡(jiǎn)單的系統(tǒng)，就會(huì)達(dá)到 60個(gè)步驟 .控制器的變成不使用 PLC 語言，而是用一個(gè)比較簡(jiǎn)單的和直覺的結(jié)構(gòu)。利用電氣系統(tǒng)，我們的項(xiàng)目應(yīng)用了相同的技術(shù)，但同時(shí)我們的設(shè)計(jì)更加直接。 一種 非常簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械語言能讓 設(shè)計(jì)者用四或五個(gè)位元組定義步驟所有結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。這就要看他使用控制器的經(jīng)驗(yàn)如何了。這種控制器雖然不能和商業(yè)的 PLC 相比，但是它原本就是為特定的的目的而設(shè)計(jì)的，所以很難說哪一個(gè)好哪一個(gè)壞?？傊覀兊倪@個(gè)系統(tǒng)是基于微控制器而設(shè)計(jì)，簡(jiǎn)單快捷。 Programmable designed for electropneumatic systems controller This project deals with the study of electropneumatic systems and the programmable controller that provides an effective and easy way to control the sequence of the pneumatic actuators movement and the states of pneumatic system. The project of a specific controller for pneumatic applications join the stud y of automation design and the control processing of pneumatic systems with the electronic design based on microcontrollers to implement the resources of the controller. 1. Introduction The automation systems that use electropneumatic technology are formed mainly by three kinds of elements: actuators or motors, sensors or buttons and control elements like valves. Nowadays, most of the control elements used to execute the logic of the system were substituted by the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Sensors and switches are plugged as inputs and the direct control valves for the actuators are plugged as outputs. An internal program executes all the logic necessary to the sequence of the movements, simulates other ponents like counter, timer and control the status of the system. With the use of the PLC, the project wins agility, because it is possible to create and simulate the system as many times as needed. Therefore, time can be saved, risk of mistakes reduced and plexity can be increased using the same elements. A conventional PLC, that is possible to find on the market from many panies, offers many resources to control not only pneumatic systems, but all kinds of system that uses electrical ponents. The PLC can be very versatile and robust to be applied in many kinds of application in the industry or even security system and automation of buildings. Because of those characteristics, in some applications the PLC offers to much resources that are not even used to control the system, electropneumatic system is one of this kind of application. The use of PLC, especially for small size systems, can be very expensive for the automation project. An alternative in this case is to create a specific controller that can offer the exactly size and resources that the project needs [3, 4]. This can be made using microcontrollers as the base of this controller. The controller, based on microcontroller, can be very specific and adapted to only one kind of machine or it can work as a generic controller that can be programmed as a usual PLC and work with logic that can be changed. All these characteristics depend on what is needed and how much experience the designer has with developing an electronic circuit and firmware for microcontroller. But the main advantage of design the controller with the microcontroller is that the designer has the total knowledge of his controller, which makes it possible to control the size of the controller, change the plexity and the application of it. It means that the project gets more independence from other panies, but at the same time the responsibility of the control of the system stays at the designer hands 2. Electropneumatic system On automation system one can find three basic ponents mentioned before, plus a logic circuit that controls the system. An adequate technique is needed to project the logic circuit and integrate all the necessary ponents to execute the sequence of movements properly. For a simple direct sequence of movement an intuitive method can be used [1, 5], but for indirect or more plex sequences the intuition