【正文】 作狀語，在古代漢語中相當(dāng)普遍，類型有：表示處所。如“黎丘之鬼效其子之狀，扶而道苦之”，“道”意為“在道路上”。表示行為的工具或依據(jù)。如“失期，法皆斬”，“法”意為“依照法律”。表示對(duì)人的態(tài)度。如“秦軍降諸侯，諸侯多奴虜使之”，“奴虜”譯為“象對(duì)奴虜一樣”。表示比喻。如“嫂蛇行匍伏，四拜自跪而謝”句中，“蛇”譯為“象蛇一樣”。使動(dòng)用法與意動(dòng)用法的識(shí)別：（1）名、形、動(dòng)詞都可以用作使動(dòng)；而只有名、形可以有意動(dòng)用法，動(dòng)詞無意動(dòng)。（2）使動(dòng)是使賓語“做什么、怎么樣”，是客觀的結(jié)果。意動(dòng)是認(rèn)為賓語“怎么樣”，把賓語“當(dāng)作什么”，是主觀的看法、意念。如：“其達(dá)士，潔其居，美其服，飽其食”和“甘其食，美其服，安其居，樂其俗”兩句很相似，但從上下文意的分析中可知前句是客觀行為，是使動(dòng)，后句是主觀看法，是意動(dòng)。編輯本段三、英語句子成分：簡介句子的組成部分，包括主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、同位語七種主語是句子敘述的主體，可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語從句等來承擔(dān)。謂語說明主語所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語由動(dòng)詞來承擔(dān)。賓語是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語從句等來擔(dān)任。主語和謂語是英語句子的兩大成分，除少數(shù)句子（如祈使句和感嘆句等）外，一句話必須同時(shí)具有主語和謂語所表達(dá)的意思才能完整。主語是針對(duì)謂語而言的，是一句話的主題，謂語用來說明主語的情況，為主語提供信息。例如：They are （他們），那么他們?cè)谧鍪裁茨?？看來沒有謂語are working 是不行的。在正常情況下，英語的主語和謂語的位置與漢語一致，也就是說主語在前，謂語緊跟其后。那么，哪些詞語可以做主語，謂語，何時(shí)主謂倒置，主語與謂語的一致情況如何，我將一一講述。主語定義：主語是句子陳述的對(duì)象，說明是誰或什么。表示句子說的是“什么人”或“什么事”。主語是執(zhí)行句子的行為或動(dòng)作的主體。哪些詞可以充當(dāng)主語1,名詞例如： A mooncake is a delicious, round first truck is carrying a few temperature will stay above doctor looked over very does not want to copy the USA’s ,代詞例如： It’s a young don’t know if it will ’s a bit ’d better buy a new ’m afraid we haven’t got any black ,數(shù)詞例如：One and two is is not enough for want one of them is one of the bags fell off the will be ,不定式（常以 It’s do ）例如： To give is better than to receive =Its better to found it difficult to get to ’s glad to see you was difficult to it’s good to swim in ,IT 作主語，有如下情況：1）指代剛剛提到的事物：What’s this ? It’s a bus.（指代what）2）指代一個(gè)你不知道或判斷不清性別的人：Who’s knocking the door? It’s me.（指代 who）Who’s the baby in the picture? It’s my sister.（指代 who）3）表示時(shí)間，天氣，距離：What’s the time? It’s eight o’clock.（時(shí)間）What’s it going to be tomorrow? It’s going to be rainy.（天氣）How far is it? It’s about one kilometre away.（距離） 引起的There be 句型中，be 作謂語，主語位居其后。如：There are many different kinds of will be a strong 謂語由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，依據(jù)其在句中繁簡程度可把謂語分為簡單謂語和復(fù)合謂語兩類。不論何種時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣，凡由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞（或動(dòng)詞詞組）構(gòu)成的謂語都是簡單謂語。例如：I like walking.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主動(dòng)語態(tài)）I made your birthday cake last night.（一般過去時(shí)主動(dòng)語態(tài)）It is used by travellers and business people all over the world.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)）復(fù)合謂語也可分為兩種情況：第一種是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語：What does this word mean?I won’t do it ’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin ’d better catch a +表語構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語。例如：You look the are all weather gets wamer, and the days get quite and listen to looked have to be up early in the Bill in?School Is ’s go pen is in my feel * fell tried all the seemed rather tired last ，不宜分割；有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的種類這方面知識(shí)在課本中已有介紹，此處不多說了。賓語賓語是謂語動(dòng)作所涉及的對(duì)象，它是動(dòng)作的承受者，賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任，賓語一般放在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。I saw a cat in the 。I want to go 。He said he could be 。We think you are 。有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，其中一個(gè)賓語多指人，另一個(gè)賓語指物，指人的賓語叫做間接賓語，指物的賓語叫做直接賓語，可以帶兩個(gè)賓語的動(dòng)詞有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語可把直接賓語放在間接賓語的前面，但間接賓語前須加“to”。My father bought me a 。Give the rubber to 。please give the letter to 。有些及物動(dòng)詞除跟一個(gè)賓語外，還需要加上賓語補(bǔ)足語，否則意思不完整，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，復(fù)合賓語中賓語和后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這也是判斷是兩個(gè)賓語還是復(fù)合賓語的依據(jù)，賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的詞擔(dān)任。We all call him 。please color it 。We found the little girl in the 。定語用于描述名詞，代詞，短語或從句的性質(zhì)，特征范圍等情況的詞叫做定語，定語可以由名詞，形容詞和起名詞和形容詞作用的詞，短語擔(dān)任。如果定語是單個(gè)詞，定語放在被修飾詞的前面，如果是詞組，定語放在被修飾詞的后面。That is a beautiful 。The TV set made in that factory is very 。This is my book,not your ，不是你的書。There are more than twenty trees in our。I have a lot of things to 。Our country is a developing 。狀語說明事物發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，結(jié)果方式，條件或伴隨情況，程度等情況的詞叫狀語。狀語的功用：狀語說明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。狀語一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)當(dāng)。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等A、副詞一般在句子中做狀語。He speaks English very 。He is playing under the the tree是地點(diǎn)狀語。B、不定式在句子中可以作目的狀語。I e specially to see 。C、介詞短語Ten years ago, She began to live in boy was praised for his 、從句作狀語When she was 12 years old, she began to live in I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with 、分詞作狀語Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take 英語中補(bǔ)語的作用對(duì)象是主語和賓語，具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能，在句法上是不可或缺的。補(bǔ)語是起補(bǔ)充說明作用的成份。最常見的是賓語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ)。主語的補(bǔ)語它用在系動(dòng)詞后，是句子的一個(gè)基本成分。常用主－系－表結(jié)構(gòu)。 saw her with them, at least, I thought it was ，至少，至少我認(rèn)為是她。（her做賓 語，them做介詞賓語，her做主語補(bǔ)語）Who broke the vase?誰打碎了花瓶？。（me做主語補(bǔ)語= It39。s me.） hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.（she做主語補(bǔ)語）約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗，還真是她。賓語的補(bǔ)語（to do）Father will not allow us to play on the 。We believe him to be 。We made him copy the is made to copy the felt my hands At the meeting we elected him think your brother a clever What you said made Xiao Wang found the classroom emptyplease call the students back at was seen to take his cap We hear him singing in the found him lying in bed, He saw his face reflected in the heard it spoken of in the next 表語是用來說明主語的性質(zhì)，身份，特征和狀態(tài)。表語須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語。表語一般放在系動(dòng)詞之后。表語可以由名詞，形容詞或起名詞和形容詞作用的詞和短語擔(dān)任。These desks are 。I am all 。We are happy 。It39。s 。She is 。My work is teaching English,我的工作是教英語。The dictionary is in the 。My question is how you knew 。同位語當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語（appositive）。這兩個(gè)句子成分多由名詞（代詞）擔(dān)任，同位語通常皆放在其說明的名詞（代詞）之后。This is Miss Chen, ou