【正文】 以及建立了自己獨(dú)立思考。查閱大量資料的習(xí)慣及方法。 附 錄 2. 外文譯文 3. 畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告 The packing box divulges reason analysis and countermeasure abstract: Reason the packing box divulges which through the analysis petrochemistry enterprise each kind of adjustment valve in, as well as the adjustment valve divulges the harm which brings to the environment and the production, proposed some solution countermeasures. Guan Jianci: Adjusts the valve。 The packing box divulges。 Seal。 Countermeasure 1 foreword adjustment valve is the petroleum chemical industry refines oil in the installment the essential part, its use adjustment valve type many, quantity big, in the chemical production medium many is corrosiveness strong, virulent or is flammable explosive, when adjusts the valve divulges, not only can create the serious raw material, the energy and the product waste, moreover also has the serious influence to the environment, even causes the serious security accident. . Therefore, we have the necessity also to have to take in the petroleum chemical industry production process to adjust the valve to divulge the question. Under causes the reason on the petroleum chemical industry installment in which the adjustment valve packing box divulges as well as prevented divulges the countermeasure, the method with the elimination makes the key discussion. 2 adjustments valves packing box divulges the reason analysis adjustment valve divulges divides into two kinds, namely outside divulges with the interior divulges. In the majority situation, outside divulges the consequence which creates, often divulges pared to the interior seriously. In the industrial production, adjusts the valve outside to leak not only creates the raw material and the energy waste, but also can directly pollute the environment, even causes the fire, the detonation, is poisoned and so on the harm safety significant accident, the national economy creates the heavy loss for. Outside but the packing box divulges also belongs leaks. The packing box divulges reason: The packing box by the stuffing box, the padding, the padding pad as well as the padding contracts the anization and so on to be posed. The stuffing box sets on the valve body or the valve cover, plays holds the padding the role. The padding pad sets to the stuffing box base, plays the strut padding role. The padding divides the soft nature sealing pound and takes shape the padding two kinds. Takes shape the padding take the elastic material quality as the raw material, uses the mould pressing to take shape or the turning processing makes each kind of joiner curtain under, pares, takes shape the padding structure pact, sealing property good, the serviceability is stronger. The medium divulges in the sealing pound place, the reason bees less crowded, the sealing pound for the padding gland is not strict, the padding variety or the quality does not conform to the requirement, the padding gets older or by the valve lever attrition. 3 adjusts the loss which the valve divulges creates Divulging causes which by the above situation, creates the economic loss and further because the medium characteristic different has differently to the environment pollution degree. If is the gas medium, then very easily proliferates the dissemination in the air, its pollution radius can be bigger. The liquid medium can through have the pollution to the ground seepage, also possibly or the exile expels flood water the ditch through the open ditch, pollutes the rivers and streams lake and other environment. Former Soviet Union39。s nuclear power station because adjusts the valve the question to breed the unprecedented disaster, not only has caused the significant personnel casualty, creates direct and the indirect economic loss and the environment destroy also with difficulty estimates. The statistical data indicated that, in the production unit approximately 20% adjustment valve existence divulges the question, creates the direct economic loss approximately poses the total losses 5%0 in the petrified profession, take a set of 5000kt/a scale often the depressor as the example, in the ordinary circumstances has 5,000 about the adjustment valve, divulges the economic loss by 20% adjustment valve which creates and the pollution which creates to the environment indeed may not belittle, if looked from the entire petrified profession, the situation was more serious. 4 packing boxes divulge the countermeasure because the adjustment valve packing box seals divulging, as well as valve body connection spot seal divulging, is creates adjusts the key which outside the valve leaks to be at, therefore needs specially to take. The traditional soft nature padding seal, is depends on the padding gland the thrust, causes it between the valve lever and the padding as well as the padding and the stuffing box sidewall, has the certain radial direction contact stress to achieve the seal. Therefore, the gland axial force must be quite big, this creates between the padding and the valve lever rubs the torque to increase, the attrition increases, the soft nature sealing pound wears quickly, thus must frequently screw tight the packing bolt or the replacement padding, can guarantee the better seal effect. Uses the appropriate padding seal and the padding seal bination, may enhance adjusts the reliability which the valve uses, lengthens the service life. If the flexible graphite link padding bination use, only uses the flexible graphite link padding the seal effect to be better than. At present in domestic uses the sole flexible graphite link padding the situation quite to be many。 But in over