chen對外合作能源基金會交通項目基礎數(shù)據(jù)機動車統(tǒng)(已改無錯字)
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【正文】 al Protection? Looking Ahead– Continue Clean Fuels Push– Introduce Euro 4 (IV) Nationally– Accelerate in Other Cities (Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen,) – Compliance Program– RetrofitsElectric bikes in China, .?Electric bikes in China increased from only 40,000 in 1998 to 10 million in 2023 to ~15 in 2023?Sales increased from about million units in in 2023 to 10 million units in 2023 to ~ 15 in 2023?This dramatic growth has been largely due to legislation banning gasoline fuelled scooters and motorcycles, introduced from 1996 onwards in several major Chinese cities?The most problematic issue with electric bikes is the use of lead acid batteries that have high lead loss rates during the production, manufacturing and recycling processesSources: Cherry, 2023。 Weinert, 2023Hong Kong’s Approach? 1/1/2023 – New Gasoline Cars Meet Euro 4 standards? 1/1/2023 – New Diesel Cars Meet CA LEV2 standards? 1/1/2023 – Light Trucks Between tons Meet Euro 4 standards? 10/1/2023 – New standards will be Introduced for Trucks over tons? ULSD (Maximum 50 PPM) Required。 Lower Sulfur Fuels (10 PPM) Encouraged By Tax Policy 54IndiaVehicle population growth in India Vehicle Population Projection from Segment Y plcSee: xby 20255 xby 2025New Vehicle Standards in India? Entire Country– Euro 2 – April 2023– Euro 3 – April 2023? Major Cities– Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad Ahmedabad, Pune Surat, Kanpur Agra Euro 3 in 2023 Euro 4 in 2023– Tighter emission norms for all private vehicles, city public service vehicles and city mercial vehicles? Euro 3 From April 2023? Euro 4 From April 2023BrazilBrazil? Passenger Cars Light Commercial Vehicles– US EPA 1983 Standards Since 1997– Tier 1 Phased in 20232023 (40/70/100%)– FedLev in 2023 (Phase in)– No Diesel Cars Allowed? Heavy Duty Trucks Buses– Euro 3 Phased in 20232023– Euro 4 in 2023? Fuels– See Diesel Fuel Phase In Schedule– Gasoline S from 1000 to 400 in 2023 to 80 in 20232023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023D 2023 73% 73% 73% 63% 58% 53% 5% 5% 5% 5%D 500 27% 27% 27% 27% 27% 27% 60% 45% 30% 15%D 50 10% 15% 20% 35% 50% 65% 80%% ESTIMADO DE PRODU199。195。O211。LEO DIESEL INTERIOR2a BOMBA (PUMP)211。LEO DIESEL FERROVI193。RIO E P/ TERMOEL201。TRICAS211。LEO DIESEL 500211。LEO DIESEL METROPOLITANO211。LEO DIESEL 50211。LEO DIESEL AUTOMOTIVOExhaust Emission Standards in Koreav Gasoline Passenger Car ULEV of LEV2 standard (of CARB) applied from 2023. LEV 2 NMOG Standard Applied in 2023v Diesel HDV EURO4 standard applied from EUROV standard introduced 9/092023v Diesel Passenger Car EURO4 starts from 2023 EURO 5 starts from 2023v Diesel LDT EURO4 applied from EURO 5 applied from 9/2023 to 2023S
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