【正文】 ff all the lights which had been left on. 她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。②如果賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間She gave them 。③同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)，意義上有很大的差異ring back回電話 ring off掛斷電話 ring up打電話put away放好 put on穿，上演 put up掛起，舉起。④不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上有很大的差異break out發(fā)生，爆炸 carry out進(jìn)行，開(kāi)展 go out熄滅hand out分發(fā) let out放出 look out當(dāng)心sell out賣(mài)完 set out出發(fā), take out取出work out算出 動(dòng)詞+介詞(及物)I39。m looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼鏡。注意：①當(dāng)它跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能把介詞放在賓語(yǔ)后面。②同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)，意義上有很大的差異。look after照料，look at看，look for尋找動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見(jiàn)到你。注：“動(dòng)詞+介詞”、“動(dòng)詞+名詞+副詞”、“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來(lái)，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了?？键c(diǎn)聚焦及解題點(diǎn)撥(單個(gè)動(dòng)詞)同義詞近義詞辨析從三個(gè)方面考慮：詞的恰切含義、搭配（與介詞、名詞或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配）和用法（是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞）系動(dòng)詞的用法狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep, remain, stay, continue, lie, stand, rest表象系動(dòng)詞seem, appear感官/感覺(jué)系動(dòng)詞look, smell, taste, sound, feel變化系動(dòng)詞bee, grow, get, turn, fall, go, e終止系動(dòng)詞prove, turn out解答這類試題的關(guān)鍵首先是弄清題意，然后是分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，由此可判斷出該動(dòng)詞是否用作系動(dòng)詞，最后確定所要填入的答案。特別關(guān)注：go hungry, e true, turn writer接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞give sb. sth=give sb buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb但是我們只能說(shuō)：suggest sth. to sb. explain sb. read sth. to sb.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析熟記常考的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意義容易被我們忽視的知識(shí)點(diǎn)sell, write, wash, wear等詞的主動(dòng)形式后跟副詞表示被動(dòng)意義happen, occur, take place, break out, e out, belong to等無(wú)被動(dòng)形式六、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 常用?？嫉膭?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和用法：（以do為例）名稱構(gòu)成用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does,( 連系動(dòng)詞is/am/are )、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。,時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。I’ll go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there., there開(kāi)頭的句子里，go, e等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的一般在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。There goes the 。There es the 。Here she 。一般過(guò)去時(shí)did,( 連系動(dòng)詞was/were)表達(dá)特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，或過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/are doing。She is leaving for 。He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。My father is ing to see me this Saturday.這個(gè)星期六我爸爸要來(lái)看我。，描繪更加生動(dòng)。The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.長(zhǎng)江江水滾滾向東流。The sun is rising in the 。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing（這一過(guò)去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示）He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.They were still working when I left.I was writing while he was watching TV.He said she was arriving the next day.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/have done，說(shuō)話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。He has learned English for six years.They have worked here since they left college.“曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地（人已回來(lái)）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來(lái)）”用“have/has gone to”。 —Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the readingroom.—She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.（即瞬間動(dòng)詞），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, e, arrive, die, marry, finish, plete, begin, start, break out等，在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。不能說(shuō)：He has joined the army for three years.要翻譯“他已參軍已經(jīng)三年了。”可采用①“ago法”He joined the army three years ago.②“延續(xù)法”He has been in the army for three years.③“since法”It is/has been three years since he joined the army.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done。He had shut the door before the dog came up.Everything had been all right up till this morning.另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it., expect, think, intend, want, suppose等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shall have done用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語(yǔ)，when, before引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)has/have been doing用來(lái)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（還要繼續(xù)下去）的動(dòng)作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻才完成，還將繼續(xù)下去。一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall dois/am/are going to dois/am/are（about）to do一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和存在的狀況（）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would/should dowas/were going to dowas/were（about）to doHe told me he would go to 。I was told that he was going to return home.有人告訴我他準(zhǔn)備回家。2. would do(表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣)總是,總會(huì),常常He would sit silent for hours. 他常常接連好幾個(gè)小時(shí)默默地坐著。將來(lái)時(shí)用 法例 句1be + doing 進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)go, e, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe? 2be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形表示安排或計(jì)劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I was about to leave when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close.3be to + 動(dòng)詞原形表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.4一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)The meeting starts at five o’clock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.項(xiàng) 目區(qū) 別例 句一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或造成的結(jié)果We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened說(shuō)明：說(shuō)話者強(qiáng)調(diào)Jane 目前的狀況.Mr. Lee, who ________ as a carpenter for over 10 years, is now a very famous statesman in this country. A. has worked B. had worked C. worked D. works (只說(shuō)明他過(guò)去當(dāng)過(guò)木匠不涉及到現(xiàn)在) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表達(dá)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?A. don’t know。 were you B. hadn’t known。 are youC. haven’t known。 are D. didn’t know。 have you been說(shuō)明：didn’t know 強(qiáng)調(diào)見(jiàn)面前不知道I read the novel last month. (只說(shuō)明上個(gè)月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I have read that 。（知道那本書(shū)的內(nèi)容）著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí)，則用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)—Hi, Tracy, you look tired. —I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 說(shuō)明：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的延續(xù)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在某個(gè)時(shí)候或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______.A. just help out。 es B. have just helped out。 will eC. am just helping out。 es D. will just help out。 has e說(shuō)明：指目前一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, until 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,動(dòng)詞需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某個(gè)時(shí)候或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作— Hey, look where you are going! — Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I hav