【正文】 classroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it.Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter若none of 后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)。None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America.在定語(yǔ)從句里，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。There are a lot of people in the classroom. Threefourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，還有a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞有類似的用法（用復(fù)數(shù)），但the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number 而定（用單數(shù)）。Which is your bag? Which are your bags?Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen?All can be done has been done. All is going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.表示時(shí)間重量長(zhǎng)度價(jià)值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。The United States is smaller than China.“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting storybook.表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞， 實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。I don’t think physics is easy to study.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a(the) pair of 等量詞修飾時(shí)（clothes被a suit of 修飾）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The old are taken good care of there.The beautiful gives pleasure to all.就近/遠(yuǎn)一致原則當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致,即就近一致。如果其后是由and 連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致，即就近一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has e to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.三、代詞I. 代詞可以分為以下八大類1人稱代詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them形容詞性物主代詞my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性物主代詞mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs2反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves3指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some4疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever5關(guān)系代詞/連接代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as6不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a littleother/ another, all/ both, neither/ either7相互代詞each other, one anotherII. 不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)類 別區(qū) 別例 句one, some，any和itone可以泛指人或者事（東西），其復(fù)數(shù)為ones① We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them ②Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do. B. ones D. those some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等—Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico．Would you like ________?A. it B. some C. this D. littlesome 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? —________way as you please.A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Eitherone指同類中的一個(gè)，it指代同一種類的東西?！猅here is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. A. it。 one C. one。 it ①There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________. ,some ,any C. a little, some D. a little, any②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________.A. none B. either C. any D. each③He doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room just an old desk.A. any B. many C. some D. mucheach和everyeach強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上①Each student has a pocket dictionary.Each (of us) has a dictionary. = We each have a dictionary.②Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.none和nono等于not any，作定語(yǔ)。t mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. all②It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _____ of the parents spoke the language.A. none B. neither C. both D. each四、形容詞和副詞I. 形容詞：形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置，但在下列情況下后置1修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)nobody absent, everything possible2以able, ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后置the only person awake4和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)a bridge 50 meters long5成對(duì)的形容詞可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置a man difficult to get on with7enough修飾名詞時(shí)可以前置也可以后置，但修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)要后置______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave注意：多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序熟記口訣就可以順利解題：限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國(guó)籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷)A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish1形容詞+名詞+edkindhearted6名詞+形容詞worldfamous2形容詞+形容詞darkblue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peaceloving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinarylooking8名詞+過去分詞snowcovered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hardworking9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthreeegged5副詞+過去分詞newlybuilt10數(shù)詞+名詞twentyyear（短語(yǔ)）作伴隨狀語(yǔ)As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 當(dāng)他看著山羊的時(shí)候，山羊翻了個(gè)身，死了。：1時(shí)間副詞soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地點(diǎn)副詞here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副詞almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副詞when, where, whyIII. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。項(xiàng) 目例