【正文】 發(fā)現(xiàn)解決辦法的方法以及評估后果。If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we e to the second step: cutting through the plexity to find a ，也不過是邁出了第一步，接著還有第二步：那就是從復(fù)雜的事件中找到解決辦法。如果我們有一個(gè)清晰的和可靠的答案，那么當(dāng)任何組織和個(gè)人發(fā)出疑問“如何我能提供幫助”的時(shí)候，我們就能采取行動(dòng)。但是，世界的復(fù)雜性使得很難找到對全世界每一個(gè)有愛心的人都有效的行動(dòng)方法，因此人類對他人的關(guān)心往往很難產(chǎn)生實(shí)際效果。s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a ，可以分為四個(gè)步驟：確定目標(biāo)，找到最高效的方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)適用于這個(gè)方法的新技術(shù)，同時(shí)最聰明地利用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)，不管它是復(fù)雜的藥物，還是最簡單的蚊帳?？偟哪繕?biāo)，毫無疑問是消滅這種疾病。最理想的技術(shù)是發(fā)明一種疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以終生免疫。但是，這樣研究工作很可能十年之內(nèi)都無法完成。Pursuing that goal starts the fourstep cycle is the crucial thing is to never stop thinking and workingand never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th centurywhich is to surrender to plexity and ，又可以采用新的四步循環(huán)。關(guān)鍵的東西是永遠(yuǎn)不要停止思考和行動(dòng)。The final stepafter seeing the problem and finding an approachis to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn From your ，就是最后一步——評估工作結(jié)果，將你的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)或者失敗經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳播出去，這樣其他人就可以從你的努力中有所收獲。你必須讓他人知道，你的項(xiàng)目為幾百萬兒童新接種了疫苗。這些都是很關(guān)鍵的，不僅有利于改善項(xiàng)目效果，也有利于從商界和政府得到更多的幫助。you have to convey the human impact of the work ? so people can feel what saving a life means to the families ，這些還不夠，如果你想激勵(lì)其他人參加你的項(xiàng)目，你就必須拿出更多的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；你必須展示你的項(xiàng)目的人性因素，這樣其他人就會感到拯救一個(gè)生命，對那些處在困境中的家庭到底意味著什么。ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death From preventable ——生物技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)——它們給了我們一個(gè)從未有過的機(jī)會，去終結(jié)那些極端的貧窮和非惡性疾病的死亡。The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problemand that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering ，不僅僅是它縮短了物理距離，使得天涯若比鄰。這就大大加快了革新的進(jìn)程，發(fā)展速度簡直快得讓人震驚。 means many creative minds are left out of this discussionsmart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don39。這意味著，還有許多具有創(chuàng)造性的人們，沒有加入到我們的討論中來。We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ，因?yàn)檫@些新技術(shù)正在引發(fā)一場革命，人類將因此可以互相幫助。Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the 。What for? 我們可以做些什么？ There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benefactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here and around the can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? 毫無疑問，哈佛的老師、校友、學(xué)生和資助者，已經(jīng)用他們的能力改善了全世界各地人們的生活。s worst inequities? Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty…the prevalence of world hunger…the scarcity of clean water…the girls kept out of school…the children who die From diseases we can cure? 哈佛是否鼓勵(lì)她的老師去研究解決世界上最嚴(yán)重的不平等？哈佛的學(xué)生是否從全球那些極端的貧窮中學(xué)到了什么……世界性的饑荒……清潔的水資源的缺乏……無法上學(xué)的女童……死于非惡性疾病的兒童……哈佛的學(xué)生有沒有從中學(xué)到東西？Should the world39。s least privileged? 那些世界上過著最優(yōu)越生活的人們，有沒有從那些最困難的人們身上學(xué)到東西？These are not rhetorical questionsyou will answer with your 。When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been givenin talent, privilege, and opportunitythere is almost no limit to what the world has a right to expect From ，我們在這個(gè)院子里的這些人，被給予過什么——天賦、特權(quán)、機(jī)遇——那么可以這樣說，全世界的人們幾乎有無限的權(quán)力，期待我們做出貢獻(xiàn)。t have to do that to make an a few hours every week, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through ，我也要向今天各位畢業(yè)的同學(xué)提出一個(gè)忠告：你們要選擇一個(gè)問題，一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題，一個(gè)有關(guān)于人類深刻的不平等的問題，然后你們要變成這個(gè)問題的專家。但是，你們不必一定要去做那些大事。Don39。要成為一個(gè)行動(dòng)主義者。它將成為你生命中最重要的經(jīng)歷之一。you must start sooner, and carry on ，你們所處的時(shí)代是一個(gè)神奇的時(shí)代。你們已經(jīng)了解到了世界上的不平等，我們那時(shí)還不知道這些。你們比我們擁有更大的能力；你們必須盡早開始，盡可能長時(shí)期堅(jiān)持下去。s deepest inequities…on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in mon with you but their ，30年后你們還會再回到哈佛，想起你們用自己的天賦和能力所做出的一切。Good 。明年，我就要換工作了(注：指從微軟公司退休)…… 我終于可以在簡歷上寫我有一個(gè)本科學(xué)位，這真是不錯(cuò)啊。哈佛的校報(bào)稱我是 “ 哈佛大學(xué)歷史上最成功的輟學(xué)生 ”。But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business ’m a bad ’s why I was invited to speak at your I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here ，我還要提醒大家，我使得 Steve Ballmer(注：微軟總經(jīng)理)也從哈佛商學(xué)院退學(xué)了。這就是為什么我被邀請來在你們的畢業(yè)典禮上演講。Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for life was used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn’t even signed up dorm life was lived upat Radcliffe, in Currier were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn’t worry about getting up in the ’s how I came to be the leader of the antisocial clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social ，哈佛的求學(xué)經(jīng)歷是一段非凡的經(jīng)歷。哈佛的課外生活也很棒，我在 Radcliffe 過著逍遙自在 的日子。因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都知道我從不考慮第二天早起。Radcliffe was a great place to were more women up there, and most of the guys were sciencemath bination offered me the best odds, if you know what I is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn’t guarantee 是個(gè)過日子的好地方。這種狀況為我創(chuàng)造了最好的機(jī)會，如果你們明白我的意思。One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call from Currier House to a pany in Albuquerque that had begun making the world’s first personal offered to sell them ，發(fā)生在 1975 年 1 月。我提出想向他們出售軟件。但是他們卻說： “ 我們還沒準(zhǔn)備好，一個(gè)月后你再來找我們吧。就是從那個(gè)時(shí)候起，我日以繼夜地在這個(gè)小小的課外項(xiàng)目上工作，這導(dǎo)致了我學(xué)生生活的結(jié)束，以及通往微軟公司的不平凡的旅程的開 始。哈佛的生活令人愉快，也令人感到有壓力，有時(shí)甚至?xí)械叫箽?，但永遠(yuǎn)充滿了挑戰(zhàn)性。But taking a serious look back … I do have one big ，如果現(xiàn)在嚴(yán)肅地回憶起來，我確實(shí)有一個(gè)真正的遺憾。人類在健康、財(cái)富和機(jī)遇上的不平等大得可怕，它們使得無數(shù)的人們被迫生活在絕望之中。我也了解了很多科學(xué)上的新進(jìn)展。不管通過何種手段 —— 民主制度、健全的公共教育體系、高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)療保健、還是廣泛的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會 —— 減少不平等始終是人類最大的成就。我也不知道，發(fā)展中國家里有無數(shù)的人們生活在無法形容的貧窮和疾病之中。You graduates came to Harvard at a different know more about the world’s inequities than the classes that came your years here, I hope you’ve had a chance to think about how – in this age of accelerating technology – we