【正文】 clock produces a twolayer system, in which petitive Atypes seem in some way better than their B type fellows.[參考譯文]現(xiàn)在這種讓孩子們和其同學(xué)或時(shí)間競爭的熱情導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)雙層結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)里面善于競爭的A類好像在某個(gè)方面要比他們B類的同輩更勝一籌。 Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.[參考譯文]英國廣播公司將作為一個(gè)公共基金支持的廣播組織存在下來，至少目前會(huì)這樣，但是它的角色、它的規(guī)模和它的節(jié)目現(xiàn)在在英國成了全國上下的討論話題。 change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so monly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.[參考譯文]這種變化通過引入許多的專業(yè)因素從而適應(yīng)了這個(gè)新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求，并且它(這種變化)防止了效率的降低。 large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[參考譯文]這樣巨大而非個(gè)人的對資金和產(chǎn)業(yè)的操縱極大地增加了股東的數(shù)量和他 們作為一個(gè)階級的重要性，這是國家生活中代表不負(fù)責(zé)任的財(cái)富的一個(gè)因素，這種財(cái)富不但遠(yuǎn)離了土地和土地?fù)碛姓叩呢?zé)任，而且?guī)缀跬瑯优c公司的負(fù)責(zé)任的管理毫無關(guān)系。 meeting to dictate their orders to the management.[參考譯文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)的涌現(xiàn)是為了給那些數(shù)量很多的“舒 適”階級提供居住場所。 “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the pany in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.[參考譯文]這樣的“股東”對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關(guān)系都不會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極的影響。而在現(xiàn)在正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長式的制度下的雇主們卻常常對他們的工人有 這樣的私人關(guān)系。s excellent elementary schools: a labor force that weled the new technology； the practice of giving premiums to inventors。 Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist”.[參考譯文]正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那樣：“一個(gè)技術(shù)專家思考那些不能被簡化成 能被清楚的語言描述的東西?！?Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea”.[參考譯文]羅伯特?法歐特曾經(jīng)這樣寫到：“一個(gè)技師會(huì)坐在杠桿、螺絲釘、楔子、輪子等等當(dāng)中，就像一個(gè)詩人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把這些字母看成自己思想的展示，在這樣的展示中，每種新的次序安排都傳達(dá)了種新 的思想。他描述了他 們的活動(dòng)和戰(zhàn)術(shù)，而且，對于那些對神造論者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人來說，神造論者的欺騙和扭曲事實(shí)的程度可能會(huì)令這些人有一種不快的詫異?！倍_實(shí)是這樣的而且如果理性成為神造論／地化論之間的辯論中的惟一評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話，一切就都好辦了。s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.[參考譯文]經(jīng)過了六個(gè)月的爭論以及最后16個(gè)小時(shí)激烈的議會(huì)辯論，澳大利亞北 部地區(qū)成了世界上第一個(gè)允許醫(yī)生終止希望死去的絕癥病人生命的立法當(dāng)局。但是大勢已定，不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。第五篇：2018年可銳考研英語閱讀文章精選可銳教育官網(wǎng)2018年可銳考研英語閱讀文章精選（九）The view from the top, and bottom老板與員工的意見分歧Bosses think their firms are minions ，但其下屬卻不以為然。Now the firm has decided that its rulesbased culture is too inflexible to cope with thechallenges of globalisation and technological change，如今，沃爾瑪已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到其以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的公司文化過于死板，無法應(yīng)對全球化和科技變革所帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。Values is the latest hot topic in management 是管理學(xué)思維最新的熱門話題。Chevron, an oil firm, brands itself as a purveyor of human energy , though presumably itdoes not really want you to travel by ‘人類體能 的供應(yīng)商 的字樣，盡管它大概并非真的希望你用人力車代步。A new study suggests there is less to this than it says on the ，實(shí)際情況與商家們所標(biāo)榜的有差距。It found that 43% of those surveyed described their pany s culture as based onmandandcontrol, topdown management or leadership by coercion—what MrSeidman calls blind ，有43%的調(diào)查對象對其公司的文化有以下描述：以命令和指揮為基礎(chǔ)、自上而下的管理模式或強(qiáng)制式的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)——塞德曼先生稱之為 盲目服從型。Only 3% fell into the category of selfgovernance , in which everyone is guided by a set ofcore principles and values that inspire everyone to align around a pany s %的調(diào)查對象屬于 自我管理型，即每個(gè)員工都被一套 核心原則和價(jià)值 所引導(dǎo)，這套原則和價(jià)值激勵(lì)每個(gè)員工以公司的宗旨為中心進(jìn)行工作。Nearly half of those in blindobedience panies said they had observed 可銳教育官網(wǎng)unethicalbehaviour in the previous year, pared with around a quarter in the other sorts of ，幾乎有過半數(shù)員工都稱在前一年目睹過有違職業(yè)道德的行為，而在其他類型的企業(yè)中只有四分之一的員工有此經(jīng)歷。Lack of trust may inhibit innovation, ，上下級之間缺乏信任會(huì)抑制員工創(chuàng)新。At blindobedience firms, fewer than one in five ，持這種想法的人少于五分之一。Bosses are eight times more likely than the average to believe that their organisation is 。Alas, only 4% of employees ，只有4%的員工同意此說。Only 14% of employees swallow %的員工接受此說。More than twothirds of Americans are 。On February 22nd one pharmaceutical firm, Vivus, took a small step towards this ，說必定就此大賺一筆。給美國食品藥物管理局做咨詢的一家委員會(huì)推薦，Vivus公司的減肥藥Qnexa。The announcement mostly served as a reminder of what a struggle it is to turn fat ，這是一場點(diǎn)肥成金的抗?fàn)帯owever, they are dismal at helping consumers lose ，減少體重。Take the curious case of the gastric 。醫(yī)院就是從這些減肥療程中賺錢，包括胃繞道手術(shù)，但是胃部束帶卻是一個(gè)罕見的例子，被當(dāng)成一個(gè)器械制造商用來從減肥中賺錢的法子。It is an inflatable loop which the surgeon fits near the top of the stomach, which helps thepatient feel sated ，外科醫(yī)生可以用它繞住患者胃的上部，這樣患者會(huì)提前有腹飽感。The recession has sapped consumers desire for expensive 。Last year the FDA approved the LapBand s use in patients who are only slightly overweight,but insurers have refused to ，美國食品藥物管理局同意，微超重病人使用 LapBand，但是保險(xiǎn)公司卻拒絕付款。He is now trying to convince insurers of LapBand s merits, arguing that the $20,000surgery is recouped in saved medical costs within four ，他認(rèn)為兩萬美元手術(shù)費(fèi)可以在四年之內(nèi)通過減少醫(yī)療支出收回。Drug panies have had even more trouble than 。可銳教育官網(wǎng)That drug, Roche s Xenical, has notorious gastrointestinal ，該藥會(huì)引發(fā)胃腸功能的副作用。Vivus s new data apparently satisfied the FDA s advisory 。Even if Qnexa is approved, it is unclear that patients will buy ，患者會(huì)不會(huì)買賬仍不明了。Both medicines are generic, which means that doctors may prescribe the existing drugsrather than Qnexa s more expensive ，這說明醫(yī)生可能會(huì)給患者開已有的藥而不選擇Qnexa，后者更貴。