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英語性別歧視的起源及形式-閱讀頁

2024-12-24 01:19本頁面
  

【正文】 pigs, hens, vixens and crone”, even worse “mare/horse”. “She is a cat” means that she is an ugly, despicable, and malicious woman. However, when animal metaphors refer to males they indicate men’s dominance of the world. For example, “l(fā)ion, tiger or bear” means men are strong, brave and powerful. b. Metaphors with Food Words Food is for eating, but in English there are various kinds of delicious pastries and fruits applied to women. For example, “cheese cake” (pictures of naked women), “cherry” (maiden/virgin), “cookie” (lovely women), “piece” (woman or girl, for instance “nice little piece” means “a nice little woman.”), “peach” (very attractive woman), “crumpet”(woman, regarded simply as sexually desirable objects), “honey”(used to address or refer to fe male one likes or loves), “tomato”(beautiful woman), “tart”(girl or woman, especially one who is being regarded as being sexually immoral, in other words, prostitute). “There was a panicky advertisement of Indiana University said, ‘Good food! Delicious Wom an!’ (Its implication is ‘Delicious food! Beautiful woman!’).” As we all know, food is the most passive thing for people to eat, however, men regard women as food, what a distinctive example of female’s passive and subordinate status in society! Therefore, men’s discrimination against women is normal because of the food metaphors. c. Metaphors with Article Words It is known that men regarded “bride” as their private property. In the society, people even use articles to indicate female to discriminate them. For example, “dish” (physically attractive girl/woman), sometimes people will say “What a dish!” (What a beautiful lady) if they want to praise a beautiful lady. Another example is “doll” (attractive woman). The most ridiculous one is “We married off our last daughter.” From one of the advertisements of San Francisco of America. In short, most of the above words allude to a fact that men judge women solely by their appearance and their attitude of discrimination against women. As a result, it is mon for them to regard women as animals, food, etc. which are used to satisfy their pleasure. 4. Sexism in Affective Meaning Affective meaning is what is municated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writers. (1) Female more often use exaggerative adjectives and adverbs, such as adorable, terrific, geous, wonderful and so on, in order to attract others’ attention. (2) Female use interjections more cautiously, implicitly and politely than male, avoid using rough tongues such as damn, hell, shit and so on. (3) Female more often use nicknames such as dearie, sweetie, auntie, and add suffixes meaning little after nouns, such as burdie, cookie, painties and so on. From analysis above, it is obvious to see that the status of female is lower than male. Therefore, they have to use elegant expressions to cater to male and enhance their position and status. 5. Sexism in Context Meaning Collective meaning is what is municated through association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another word. When use the same word to describe male or female, their connotations are not all the same. For example, when we use “aggressive” to modify male, it means “attractive and respected”, but as to female, it means “without sympathy and peremptory”. “A loose woman” means “a dissipated woman”, but “a loose man” at most means “man who speaks or behaves carelessly”. When a man is called “old dog”, it often means a kind of humorous pliment, but when a woman is called “old bitch”, it pletely bees a kind of insult. C. From Other Aspect 1. Sexism in Order In order to show men’s importance in society, most of the English idioms are “male first female next”. For example, Adam and Eve, father and mother, husband and wife, boys and girls, brother and sister, son and daughter, man and woman, he and she etc. The only exception “l(fā)adies and gentlemen” will also observe the customs of idioms. In fact, “l(fā)adies first” is only a custom of social interaction. But most of the time ladies e secondary because of their positions in society. 2. Sexism in English Names A Name is a kind of symbol for people to distinguish each other. Apart from that, it does not have other social functions. (Lin, 1999: 86) However, in fact, when people are choosing names, they always bring their subject ideas and social attitudes into consideration. In Englishspeaking countries, children usually follow their fathers39。 names. In addition, names are also influenced by social value attitude. Generally speaking, people can judge the gender from the name. Women39。 Diana stems from the Greek language, with the meaning of goddess of the moon, and it is a symbol of beauty, grace and dignity. However, the meanings of men39。s names, and they reflect the characteristics of firmness, bravery, desire for freedom, and full of dreams and ambitions. For example, Richard stems from the Saxon language, meaning strength。 Lewis es from French, and has the meaning of the protector of the people. 3. Sexism in English Addresses In English, Mr. and Mrs. is a pair of honorific addresses. People usually put Mr. in front of a man39。s family name, and it refers to a married woman. An unmarried lady is called Miss plus her family name. When we address a man who has a post or professional title, we usually use his title plus his family name, for example, Dr. Davis, Professor Brown, and Dr King. However, when we address a woman, we always put her gender in front of her job, such as woman doctor In addition, when women take part in parties, they are often asked, “What does your husband do?” By contrast, if a man is asked what his wife does, he will be very surprised and may give the answer, “She is my wife, and that39。t be in class, he39。t be in class, they
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