【正文】 設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 17 附錄 1 譯文 當(dāng)今時(shí)代是一個(gè)自動(dòng)化時(shí)代，交通燈控制等很多行業(yè)的設(shè)備都與 計(jì)算機(jī)密切相關(guān)。隨著大規(guī)模集成電路及計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，以及人工智能在控制技術(shù)方面的廣泛運(yùn)用，智能設(shè)備有了很大的發(fā)展，是現(xiàn)代科技發(fā)展的主流方向。該智能交通燈控制系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能有：對某市區(qū)的四個(gè)主要交通路口進(jìn)行監(jiān)控；各路口有固定的工作周期，并且在道路擁擠時(shí)中控中心能改變其周期；對路口違章的機(jī)動(dòng)車能夠即時(shí)拍照，并提取車牌號。而計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)怎樣與實(shí)際應(yīng)用更有效的結(jié)合并有效的發(fā)揮其作用是科學(xué)界最熱門的話題，也是當(dāng)今計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用中空前活躍的領(lǐng)域。 隨著世界范圍內(nèi)城市化和機(jī)動(dòng)化進(jìn)程的加快，城市交通越來越成為一個(gè)全球化的問題。特別是在一些發(fā)展中國家，不僅沒有在城市規(guī)劃布局、城市交通發(fā)展模式選擇與運(yùn)營機(jī)制等方面吸取發(fā)達(dá)國家城市交通發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)，而且重復(fù)著它們在高速機(jī)動(dòng)化發(fā)展中所犯過的許多錯(cuò)誤，無論是大中城市還是新興的中小城市，幾乎都沒有前瞻性地解決好城市交通問題。當(dāng)前，全國大中城市普遍存在著道路擁擠、車輛堵塞、交通秩序混亂的現(xiàn)象。探究城市交通發(fā)展中存在問題的原因，無論是從宏觀上還是從微觀上分析，其根本原因在于城市交通系統(tǒng)的管理機(jī)制不適應(yīng)。日常的交通堵塞成為人們司空見慣而又不得不忍受的問題，在這種背景下，結(jié)合我國城市道路交通的實(shí)際情況，開發(fā)出真正適合我們自身特點(diǎn)的智能信號燈控制系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前的主要 任務(wù)。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，道路交通已愈來愈成為社會(huì)活動(dòng)的重要組成部分。 不同的城市有不同城市的問題，但共性就是混合交通流問題。同時(shí)隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，人民的生活水平日漸提高，越來越多的汽車進(jìn)入尋常老百姓的家庭，再加上政府大力發(fā)展的公交、出租車，車輛越來越多了。舊有的交通控制系統(tǒng)的弊病和人們越來越高的要求激化了矛盾，使原來不太突出的交通問題被提上了日程。對交通的管控能力，也就從一個(gè)側(cè)面體現(xiàn)了這個(gè)國家對整個(gè)社會(huì)的管理控制能力，因此各國都很重視用各種高科技手段來強(qiáng)化對交通的管控能力。當(dāng)前，全國大中城市普遍存在著道路擁擠、車輛堵塞、交通秩序混亂的現(xiàn)象。 據(jù)世界銀行交通專家估計(jì)：由于機(jī)動(dòng)化水平并不高，中國大城市道路網(wǎng)一般有 3050%的潛力沒有發(fā)揮。 近幾年來，世界主要城市為緩解城市交通擁堵，都在不斷采取新技術(shù)，提高科學(xué)管理水平，如從點(diǎn)控、線控到區(qū)域控制，直到現(xiàn)在的智能交通系統(tǒng)，把電子、通訊、聲像 、計(jì)算機(jī)及 GPS 等高新技術(shù)溶于其 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué) 華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 19 中，使交通走向越來越 “智慧化 ”的系統(tǒng)管理之路。智能交通系統(tǒng)能大大提高城市有限道路面積的利用率，創(chuàng)造最大效益；還能節(jié)約人力 、物力資源，勝任和收集復(fù)雜的交通信息等許多人力所無法完成的任務(wù)。 從九十年代末開始，我國公安交通管理部門和科研單位就開始研究如何實(shí)現(xiàn)各個(gè)系統(tǒng)之間的信息交換與共享，如何實(shí)現(xiàn)快速反應(yīng)決策，完成統(tǒng)一調(diào)度與指揮，以建立新一代的智能化城市交通指揮系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)城市交通的智能化。城市平交路口實(shí)現(xiàn)交通信號控制是城市交通管理現(xiàn)代化的基本標(biāo)志之一，是提高交通管理效能的重要技術(shù)手段。各種交通控制方案，最終都要由路口信號控制器來實(shí)現(xiàn) 。s turn to be able to e true has: The crossing carries out supervisory control on four main traffic of some dow ntow n area。s period and in depending o n a road w hen being crowded。s , centering on IT and IT industry information revolution is in the ascendant. But, how, puter art applies more effective union and there is an effect39。s effect into play with reality is the most popular topic of conversation of scientific munity , is also that puter applications is hit by the unparalleled active field now adays. The main body of a book is applied up mainly from slicing machine39。s economic construction and the size of the city have been the rapid development of urbanization in the process of gradually accelerated, a sharp increase in urban population, a large number of floating population into the city, staff travel and the frequent exchange of goods, so that the city is facing traffic A serious situation. At present, large and medium cities in the prevalence of road congestion, traffic congestion, traffic disorder. How to solve urban traffic problems have bee the focus of attention of the public and the urgent calls. Explore the development o f urban transportation that exist in the cause of the problem, be it from a macro or a microanalysis of the fundamental reason lies in the urban traffic management system adapted. Different cities have different cities, but in mon is the problem o f mixed traffic flow . How to solve the intersection in the mixed traffic flow in the interaction with each other or the interaction is the key to solve the problem! As China39。s steady economic development, people39。s economic construction and the size of the city have been the rapid development of urbanization in the process of gradually accelerated, a sharp increase in urban population, a large number of floating population into the city, staff travel and the frequent exchange of goods, so that the city is facing traffic A serious situation. At present, large and medium cities in the prevalence of road congestion, traffic conges tion, traffic disorder. How to solve urban traffic problems have bee the focus of attention of the public and the urgent calls. According to World Bank estimates that traffic: Due to the level of mobility is not high, the general road w ork in ma jor cities in China have the potential of 3050% did not play. If w e can as soon as possible the introduction of advanced technology and facilities management, urban road traffic undertheart scientific management system, so that the existing urban road work and related fac ilities to give full play to their potential. In recent years, the world39。s limited road space utilization, to create the best possible results。s public security traffic management departments and rese arch institutes began to study how the various systems of information exchange and sharing of decision making on how to achieve rapid response, with the pletion of the unified mand to the establishment of a new generation of intelligent cities Transport chain of mand, the realization of the intelligent urban traffic. Urban Tr affic Control System is a modern urban intelligent tra nsportation system one of the major cities for road traffic control and management. The realization of cross city traffic signal controlled junctions in urban traf fic management modernization of one of the basic signs, traffic management is to improve the effectiveness of an important means of technology. Intersection signal controller is the intersection traffic signal control equipment, w hich is controlled by traf fic signals an important part of. A variety of traffic control, ultimately by the intersection signal controller to achieve. 圖55 74LS32 的管腳排列圖 圖53 555單穩(wěn)態(tài)組成的 5 秒聲響電路 a