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不一,控制的復(fù)雜程度也就不一樣,為 此 , 有關(guān)部門愈來愈多的注重在交通管理中引進(jìn)自動化、智能化技術(shù),比如 “電子警察 ”、自適應(yīng)交通信號燈以及耗資巨大的交通指揮控制系統(tǒng)等。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會的進(jìn)步,道路交通已愈來愈成為社會活動的重要組成部分。對交通的管控能力,也就從一個側(cè)面體現(xiàn)了這個國家對整個社會的管理控制能力,因此各國都很重視用各種高科技手段來強(qiáng)化對交通的管控能力。 不同的城市有不同城市的問題,但共性就是混合交通流問題。在交叉口如何解 決混合交通流中的相互影響或彼此的相互影響,就是解決問題的關(guān)鍵!隨著我國城市化建設(shè)的發(fā)展,越來越多的新興城市的出現(xiàn),使得城市的交通成為了一個主要的問題。同時隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)步發(fā)展,人民的生活水平日漸提高,越來越多的汽車進(jìn)入尋常老百姓的家庭,再加上政府大力發(fā)展的公交、出租車,車輛越來越多了。這不僅要求道路要越來越寬闊,而且要求有新的交通管理模式的出臺。舊有的交通控制系統(tǒng)的弊病和人們越來越高的要求激化了矛盾,使原來不太突出的交通問題被提上了日程?,F(xiàn)在有關(guān)部門愈來愈多的注重在交通管理中引進(jìn)自動化、智能化技術(shù),比如 “電子警察 ”、自適應(yīng)交通信號燈以及耗資巨大的交通指揮控制系統(tǒng)等。對交通的管控能力,也就從一個側(cè)面體現(xiàn)了這個國家對整個社會的管理控制能力,因此各國都很重視用各種高科技手段來強(qiáng)化對交通的管控能力。 自改革開放以來,我國的城市規(guī)模和經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)都有了飛速的發(fā)展,城市化進(jìn)程在逐步加快,城市人口在急劇增加,大量流動人口涌進(jìn)城市,人員出行和物資交流頻繁,使城市交通面臨著嚴(yán)峻的局勢。當(dāng)前,全國大中城市普遍存在著道路擁擠、車輛堵塞、交通秩序混亂的現(xiàn)象。如何解決城市交通問題已成為全社會關(guān)注的焦點和大眾的迫切呼聲。 據(jù)世界銀行交通專家估計:由于機(jī)動化水平并不高,中國大城市道路網(wǎng)一般有 3050%的潛力沒有發(fā)揮。我們能盡快引進(jìn)先進(jìn)管理技術(shù)與設(shè)施,使城市道路交通置于先進(jìn)科學(xué)的系統(tǒng)管理之下,讓現(xiàn)有城市道路網(wǎng)及相關(guān)設(shè)施的潛能充分發(fā)揮出來。 近幾年來,世界主要城市為緩解城市交通擁堵,都在不斷采取新技術(shù),提高科學(xué)管理水平,如從點控、線控到區(qū)域控制,直到現(xiàn)在的智能交通系統(tǒng),把電子、通訊、聲像 、計算機(jī)及 GPS 等高新技術(shù)溶于其 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué) 華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 19 中,使交通走向越來越 “智慧化 ”的系統(tǒng)管理之路。智能交通系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了路口(段 )交通無人管理,依靠能自動調(diào)節(jié)相位差的 信號系統(tǒng)有序指揮交通,同時運用廣播、圖像、情報板等技術(shù)手段將所在區(qū)域各路口 (段 )的交通狀況隨時告知駕駛員,使之能提前選擇交通暢通的道路行駛,因此,城市道路網(wǎng)能獲得較大平衡和充分的利用。智能交通系統(tǒng)能大大提高城市有限道路面積的利用率,創(chuàng)造最大效益;還能節(jié)約人力 、物力資源,勝任和收集復(fù)雜的交通信息等許多人力所無法完成的任務(wù)。七十年代末到九十年代初,城市交通監(jiān)控中心主要是建立交通信號控制系統(tǒng)和交通電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),其主要功能是對路口信號燈進(jìn)行點、面相結(jié)合的控制,對路面的交通狀況進(jìn)行實時的監(jiān)視,并輔之以人工干預(yù)。 從九十年代末開始,我國公安交通管理部門和科研單位就開始研究如何實現(xiàn)各個系統(tǒng)之間的信息交換與共享,如何實現(xiàn)快速反應(yīng)決策,完成統(tǒng)一調(diào)度與指揮,以建立新一代的智能化城市交通指揮系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)城市交通的智能化。城市交通控制系統(tǒng)是現(xiàn)代城市智能交通系統(tǒng)的組成之一,主要用于城市道路交通的控制與管理。城市平交路口實現(xiàn)交通信號控制是城市交通管理現(xiàn)代化的基本標(biāo)志之一,是提高交通管理效能的重要技術(shù)手段。路口信號控制器是控制交叉路口交通信號的設(shè)備,它是交通信號控制的重要組成部分。各種交通控制方案,最終都要由路口信號控制器來實現(xiàn) 。 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué) 華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 20 附錄 2 英文參考資料 The times is a automation times nowadays , traffic light waits for much the industry equipment to go hand in hand with the puter under the control of. Therefore, a good traffic light controls syste m , will give road aspect such as being crow ded , controlling against rules to give a technical improvement. With the fact that the largescale integrated circuit and the puter art promptness develop, as well as artificial intelligence broad in the field of control technique applies, intellige nce equipment has had very big development , the main current being that modern science and technology develops direction. The main body of a book is designed having introduced a intelligence traffic light systematically. The function being intelligence traffic light navar39。s turn to be able to e true has: The crossing carries out supervisory control on four main traffic of some dow ntow n area。 Every crossing has the fixed duty period , charges centre for being able to change it39。s period and in depending o n a road w hen being crowded。 The motor vehicle breaking rules and regulations to the crossing is able to take a photo immediately , abstracts and the vehicle shop sign. Within world range, one uses the microelectronics technology , the puter and the tec hnology municating by letter are a guide39。s , centering on IT and IT industry information revolution is in the ascendant. But, how, puter art applies more effective union and there is an effect39。s brought it39。s effect into play with reality is the most popular topic of conversation of scientific munity , is also that puter applications is hit by the unparalleled active field now adays. The main body of a book is applied up mainly from slicing machine39。s only realizing intellectualized administration of crossroads traffic light , use operation in controlling the vehicular traffic regularity. With the worldwide urbanization and motorization speed up the process, city traffic has increasingly bee a global problem. Urban transport infrastructure lags behind the supply of mobile highspeed grow th of demand, the increasing road congestion, frequent accidents, enviro n mental pollution, such as increased prevalence of the problem. Especially in some developing 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué) 華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) 21 countries, not only in urban planning, urban transportation development model operator and the mechanism of choice in areas such as urban transport development in the developed countries to draw experience and lessons, and repeated them in the devel opment of highspeed mobile mitted over the Many mis takes, both large and mediumsized cities or emerging small and mediumsized cities, almost no forwardlooking to solve urban traffic problems. Since the reform and opening up, China39。s economic construction and the size of the city have been the rapid development of urbanization in the process of gradually accelerated, a sharp increase in urban population, a large number of floating population into the city, staff travel and the frequent exchange of goods, so that the city is facing traffic A serious situation. At present, large and medium cities in the prevalence of road congestion, traffic congestion, traffic disorder. How to solve urban traffic problems have bee the focus of attention of the public and the urgent calls. Explore the development o f urban transportation that exist in the cause of the problem, be it from a macro or a microanalysis of the fundamental reason lies in the urban traffic management system ada