【正文】 this kind of society, a minister owes loyalty to his ruler, and a child filial respect to his parent. The result is the humanity is neglected and people have no equality. Different from China, in the Renaissance period of England, people began to emphasize the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of their life, but also have the ability to perfect themselves and perform wonders. This is the rudiment of Humanism. People became respect the humanity from then on. And then develop into the ideas of what we always said freedom, democracy. Today, take Americans for instance。 thinking for oneself, and official accountability. The top six social values for Asian people were maintenance of an orderly society, harmony, accountability of public officials, openness to new ideas, freedom of expression, and respect for authority. This study finds that unlike Americans, East Asians are generally more respectful of authority and prize an orderly society, however in concurrence with the West, Asians honor new ideas, official accountability, and free expression.4. The Causes of Different Modes of Thinking between Chinese and Westerners in Crosscultural Business NegotiationIn international business settings, the development of the negotiation process and how parties perceive the relationship are crucial. And mode of thinking plays important roles in this process, which is influenced by some facts and factors beyond the negotiation process in question. Cultural difference is one of the most important factors. Culture is a major determinant of strategies and tactics in international business negotiations, because negotiations involve munication, time, and power and these variables differ across cultures. Cultural differences create a challenge to the negotiators involved, and demand understanding as well as flexibility. An ability to assess these differences and properly handle the consequences is essential for success in international business negotiations.. Personal spaceOur personal space, the piece of the universe we occupy is contained within an invisible boundary surrounding our body. Edward Hall’s work has demostrated clearly that cultures differ substantially in their use of personal space. Cultures that stress individualism generally demand more space than do munal cultures.A culture’s use of space is directly linked to its value system. For example, in western countries husband and wife share their personal space, they walk side by side in the street, but in Arab countries, husband always walk ahead of their wives, even at the dinner table, husband and wife do not sit together. In those countries, a man’s personal space is his alone.In some Middle Eastern and Asia countries, you will see it is very crowed in buses, banks and other public places, for these cultures demand very little society distance. They have unique orientations towards space and privacy. A mixing of these orientations can cause munication problems. In China, many public places such as bank has one meter line, but Chinese don39。 America is a immigrant country which has more than 2 hundred years history. However, people in America still cannot reach privities. They must express clearly what they thought, want. Only by this way can the others understand very well. So their language must speak out what they have to say.5. The Strategies of Solving the Problems of Different Modes of Thinking between Chinese and Westerners in Crosscultural Business Negotiation. Full preparationThe most critical phase for an international venture is the first negotiation and thus extensive preparation is critical. A learnasyougo approach can be deadly. Here are some negotiating preparation tips given by(Mitchell, Charles,2000:212):(a). It is essential to understand the importance of rank in the other country。 to be familiar with the business style of the foreign pany。ve won – in some way – once the negotiation has finished.There are different styles of negotiation, depending on circumstances. Where you do not expect to deal with people ever again and you do not need their goodwill, then it may be appropriate to play hardball, seeking to win a negotiation while the other person loses out. Many people go through this when they buy or sell a house – this is why housebuying can be such a confrontational and unpleasant experience. Similarly, where there is a great deal at stake in a negotiation, then it may be appropriate to prepare in detail and legitimate gamesmanship to gain advantage. Anyone who has been involved with large sales negotiations will be familiar with this. Neither of these approaches is usually much good for resolving disputes with people with whom you have an ongoing relationship: If one person plays hardball, then this disadvantages the other person – this may, quite fairly, lead to reprisal later. Similarly, using tricks and manipulation during a negotiation can undermine trust and damage teamwork. While a manipulative person may not get caught out if negotiation is infrequent, this is not the case when people work together routinely. Here, honesty and openness are almost always the best policies. 6. ConclusionIn conclusion, a lot of differences did exist in business negotiations. The analyses above mentioned are some of the factors. We can see from the analysis that modes of thinking including differences in decision making, different values and so on between Chinese and the westerners in the crosscultural business negotiation, and different cultures plays an vital role on the different modes of thinking. Last but not least, in order to improve the crosscultural business negotiation, some strategies have been put forward. In the end, negotiation is a sophisticated art, a great number of critical situations can be encountered when negotiating interculturally. We could