【正文】 出版社, 2007,2[4]覃 征, 李順東. 電子商務(wù)概論[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社，2002. [5]小兵. 淺談電子商務(wù)中的安全問題[J]. 科技咨詢導(dǎo)報(bào)，200702[6]鳳生. 電子商務(wù)安全需求及防護(hù)策略[J]. 數(shù)庫(kù)及信息管理，200706[7][J]. 電子商務(wù)世界,200305[8]范慧霞，鄭喜珍. 中國(guó)論文下載中心[M]. 北京：中央廣播電視大學(xué)出版社,2008.[9]李琪. 中國(guó)電子商務(wù)現(xiàn)、趨勢(shì)與對(duì)策研究[J]. 當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué), 200006.[10]楊訊. 電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展及其法律體系的構(gòu)建[J]. 復(fù)旦學(xué)報(bào),2001,01.[11] zhongtiantian s bureaucrats, emerce will bee an important industry and emerce applications should promote the dramatic growth of economic and social development in China. Given the state of the country39。s retail emerce sales reached US$657m in 2006 and may triple to US$ in 2010. By parison, the US Department of Commerce estimates that US retail emerce sales reached US$122bn in 2006 and are growing at over 20% annually.China39。s emerce which includes business to business (B2B), business to consumer (B2C) and consumer to consumer (C2C) grew by 52% in 2006. However, whilst 99% of China39。s 2007 ereadiness rankings suggest, China is actually a beneficiary of the growth of B2B volumes in the US. The result has been the creation of big, sophisticated B2B transaction service providers, including one of the world39。s online platform. While most do not pay to use basic services, more than 100,000 businesses do. The Chinese firm is evolving into a prehensive supplier of online business development resources for Chinese customers: many of whom would not be doing business online at all if not for Alibaba.Emerce platform vendor Art Technology Group (ATG) suggests that only 24% of China39。 weak riskmanagement departments.However, this situation is beginning to change. Banks such as China Merchants Bank (CMB) are pushing hard to develop credit cards for use in online transactions. CMB, which is the market leader, is also ing up with cobranded credit cards to appeal to younger Chinese customers. To date, it has forged relationships with Young Card, Bertelsmann, Hello Kitty, MSN mini, Ctrip (CTRP) and Air China (AIRYY) to name a few. Given that an estimated 90% of all online shoppers in China are under 40, this should be lucrative for both banks and online retail sites.China39。s problem is that it lacks an online payment system for handling credit card transactions in a safe and efficient manner, meaning that only about one in three online purchases is made using a credit card. The remainder are paid with cash on delivery or post office transfers. What is clear is that the government needs to develop a better online payment system and encourage emerce sites to support multiple payment models which allow greater flexibility when purchasing goods.Another issue linked to online trust are the products themselves. Homegrown internet retailers offer a limited product selection, of which the quality is often suspect. In March this year for example, online book store was forced to apologise to a publishing house for selling pirated books online. Incidences like these lower consumer confidence, thus hindering emerce growth.Also hampering China39。s leading B2C provider. According to Analysys International, the Chinese website appears to have grown faster than Joyo/Amazon in terms of registered users. now has 18% share of the B2C market, whilst Joyo/Amazon has 12% and has just 6%.Although these are the top three service providers, they control only 36% of the B2C market. The rest of the market is occupied by a huge number of smallscale B2C vendors, which look unlikely to benefit from foreign investment.Foreign internet retailers are eager to establish their operations in China. Websites such as Google, Yahoo, eBay and MySpace are all trying to break into the fastgrowing China market. eBay acquired Chinese shopping site Eachnet in 2003 and Japan39。s Taobao auction site are still dominating their Western rivals.This is encouraging for China, which may not want to rely too heavily on the US for emerce success. However, by remaining open to the US, and by the US remaining open to China, both countries look set to benefit. US panies will gain entry to China39。s awareness of the huge potential of emerce and its determination to enhance, not block, its development.眾所周知，中國(guó)是世界上最大的電子設(shè)備及高科技產(chǎn)品加工制造基地。在該國(guó)有名的政府主導(dǎo)計(jì)劃里，中國(guó)政府出臺(tái)了第一個(gè)全新的電子商務(wù)發(fā)展計(jì)劃。該計(jì)劃的目標(biāo)是，在三年內(nèi)，建立一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)支持系統(tǒng)和技術(shù)服務(wù)系統(tǒng)，以便服務(wù)于全國(guó)電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展。但是就目前整個(gè)國(guó)家的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展水平來看，這是一個(gè)非?？量痰囊?。Economist Intelligence Unit預(yù)測(cè)，在未來的幾年內(nèi)將會(huì)取代美國(guó)成為世界上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶最多的國(guó)家。易觀國(guó)際公司的中國(guó)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)咨詢數(shù)據(jù)顯示。中國(guó)電子商務(wù)落后于大部分發(fā)達(dá)的市場(chǎng)，主要是由于它受制于其國(guó)內(nèi)政策的缺乏，合適的信用交易系統(tǒng)和落后的物流保障體系。同時(shí)，中國(guó)也不應(yīng)該期望追趕美國(guó)，與美國(guó)爭(zhēng)奪市場(chǎng)份額，只能期望能夠在美國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司投資中國(guó)中獲益。然而，中國(guó)4200萬的企業(yè)中有99%是中小規(guī)模企業(yè)，僅有3%的企業(yè)能夠通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)做生意。據(jù)美國(guó)人口經(jīng)濟(jì)普查局估計(jì)，超過94%的電子商務(wù)可以歸為B2B類型。EIU2007年電子化整備度的排名顯示，中國(guó)確實(shí)在美國(guó)B2B 業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng)中受益。 美國(guó)門戶網(wǎng)站雅虎，在2005年以10億美元購(gòu)買阿里巴巴40%的股份。而大部分的商家，超過10萬買賣交易不會(huì)為網(wǎng)站的基本服務(wù)支付費(fèi)用。電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)提供商ATG顯示目前僅有24%的中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶通常在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物。就全國(guó)范圍來看，由于銀行系統(tǒng)非常低效，通常要一個(gè)多月才能獲得一張信用卡。2004年僅有1千萬張信用卡在使用。由于中國(guó)銀行業(yè)薄弱的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理，即便對(duì)擁有信用卡的幸運(yùn)者，也缺乏可行的信用額度。銀行例如招商銀行，開始著力于開發(fā)信用卡的網(wǎng)上交易使用。迄今，招商銀行已經(jīng)推出young卡，貝塔斯曼書友信用卡，Hello Kitty粉絲信用卡，MSN珍藏版迷你信用卡，攜程旅行信用卡，國(guó)航知音信用卡等等，這里只能簡(jiǎn)單列舉幾個(gè)。中國(guó)金融服務(wù)市場(chǎng)正對(duì)全球銀行打開大門，比如花旗銀行，渣打銀行和匯豐銀行，都在購(gòu)買中國(guó)的銀行股票。網(wǎng)絡(luò)信任即便更好的信用系統(tǒng)，電子商務(wù)戰(zhàn)略的成功與失敗與網(wǎng)絡(luò)信任問題有關(guān)。電子商務(wù)中這類不信任的財(cái)務(wù)成本在2006年大約20億美元。其余的2/3交易都是貨到付款或者郵政匯款。網(wǎng)絡(luò)信任的另一個(gè)問題是商品本身。今年3月，當(dāng)當(dāng)網(wǎng)上書店因售賣盜版書而向一出版公司道歉。阻礙中國(guó)電子商務(wù)發(fā)展的還有其薄弱的物流配送網(wǎng)絡(luò)。美國(guó)網(wǎng)上零售商亞馬遜正在幫助解決這種情況。為中國(guó)市場(chǎng)引進(jìn)其全球網(wǎng)站的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)所有訂單提供免費(fèi)送貨，對(duì)每位顧客購(gòu)買征詢改進(jìn)建議，以提高它的業(yè)績(jī)。于2004年亞馬遜首次投資于卓越網(wǎng)，逐漸被看作中國(guó)B2C模式的領(lǐng)先提供者。當(dāng)當(dāng)網(wǎng)擁有18%的B2C市場(chǎng)份額，卓越亞馬遜有12%的市場(chǎng)份額，云網(wǎng)僅占6%。其余市場(chǎng)份額由大量小規(guī)模的B2C商家所占有，而這些商家不太可能從外國(guó)投資者處獲益。如Google, Yahoo, eBay, MySpace都設(shè)法打開快速增長(zhǎng)的中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。日本的樂天（Rakuten）投資于攜程旅行網(wǎng)。令人鼓舞的是中國(guó)并不想過于依賴于美國(guó)電子商務(wù)的成功。美國(guó)公司可以在高速增長(zhǎng)的中國(guó)電子商務(wù)市場(chǎng)獲利，同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移過來的新技術(shù)，運(yùn)營(yíng)專家和經(jīng)營(yíng)知識(shí)理念帶給中國(guó)。在鋪開電子商務(wù)發(fā)展計(jì)劃，規(guī)范和改善信用交易體系和物流體系后，就能夠增強(qiáng)網(wǎng)上信任和安全。中國(guó)電子商務(wù)市場(chǎng)是由私營(yíng)性的公司主導(dǎo)，那么在其發(fā)展中政府扮演何種角色，能夠發(fā)揮多大作用值得置疑和思