【正文】 intraAsian trade respectively. What is noteworthy, however, is that agricultural exports accounted for a much higher share of both merchandise and primary products trade in North America and Western Europe (besides Latin America and Africa) than it did for Asia. Thus, despite being the developed regions of the world, agricultural production and exports were important influences on the economic performance of North America and Western Europe. It is, therefore, not surprising that Europe is keen on maintaining its agricultural sector through protection, while the US is keen on expanding its role in world agricultural markets by subsidising its own farmers and forcing other countries to open up their markets. The problem is that the US has been more successful in prising open developing country markets than the large EU market. Thus, out of $104 billion worth of exports from North America in 2001, $34 billion went to Asia and $15 billion to Latin America, whereas exports to Europe amounted to $14 billion. The Cairns group of exporting countries (Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, the Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay), for some of whom at least agricultural exports are extremely important, want world market to be freed of protection as well as the surpluses that result from huge domestic support in the US and the EC. We must note that $35 billion of the $63 billion of exports from Latin America went to the US and the EU. More open markets and less domestic support in those destinations is, therefore, crucial for the region. The fact that Europe has been successful in its effort at retaining its agricultural space with the help of a Common Agricultural Policy that both supports and subsidises its agricultural producers is clear , which shows that intraEC trade which accounted for 74 per cent of EU exports in 1990, continued to account for 73 per cent of total EU exports in 1995 and 2001. Mr Fischler reportedly declared that the March 31 deadline set at Doha was for the chairman of the agricultural negotiating group to present his proposal for modalities and that did not mean automatically that the next day all members of the WTO will agree to that proposal. In any case, with discussions on the reform of the EU39。 of trade negotiations, can be ensured by 2005.That is, the EU wants the right to openly and transparently support and protect its farmers, and wants adequate elbowroom within the agreement to do so. But the fact that it is unwilling to go the US way, by opting for less transparent support measures that have been defined as acceptable helps those who paint it as the stumbling block on the road to free trade. The reason for the peculiar situation is that through the manoeuvres made during the Uruguay Round, especially the famous Blair House accord, the rich nations managed to obtain Cairns group concurrence and developing country support for an agreement that provided inadequate market access and little reduction in protection in the developed countries in the agricultural area. This they did by holding out the threat of trade chaos if no agreement was reached and by promising that: this was an interim arrangement which would be assessed starting a year before th pletion of the implementation period。 and liberalisation would be further intensified starting in 2000.Unfortunately, not only has the experience with the implementation of the notsoliberal Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture been wanting on many counts, but there is strong pressure to continue with the manoeuvring by dressing up all support measures in Green, as is the case with the US, or by just refusing to meet the Uruguay Round mitments, as is true of the EU. This makes it extremely difficult to once more win Cairns group concurrence and developing country support for a new Agreement on Agriculture, which offers merely a small advance along an older protectionist route.But North America, with far fewer countries in its fold, has also been quite insular. Close to a third of North American exports are interregional. Little has changed since the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture. It is widely accepted that three sets of actors account for this failure of the AoA: First, in order to push through an agreement when there were signs that the Uruguay Round was faltering, the liberalisation of agricultural trade in the developed countries was not pushed far enough。 and Finally, there are violations of even the lax UR rules in the course of implementation, which have been aided by the failure of the agreement to ensure transparency in implementation. Not surprisingly, some countries, especially the Cairns group of exporting countries, have proposed an ambitious agenda of liberalisation in the agricultural area. Tariffs are to be reduced sharply, using the Swiss formula, which would ensure that the proportionate reduction in the tariffs imposed by a country would be larger, the higher is the prevailing bound or applied tariff in that country. 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）原創(chuàng)性聲明和使用授權(quán)說明原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重承諾：所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文），是我個人在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下進行的研究工作及取得的成果。對本研究提供過幫助和做出過貢獻的個人或集體，均已在文中作了明確的說明并表示了謝意。作者簽名：　　 　 　　 日　 期：　　 　 　　 學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重聲明：所呈交的論文是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨立進行研究所取得的研究成果。對本文的研究做出重要貢獻的個人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。作者簽名： 日期： 年 月 日學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。涉密論文按學(xué)校規(guī)定處理。首先非常感謝學(xué)校開設(shè)這個課題，為本人日后從事計算機方面的工作提供了經(jīng)驗，奠定了基礎(chǔ)。本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計是對我大學(xué)四年學(xué)習(xí)下來最好的檢驗。這期間凝聚了很多人的心血，在此我表示由衷的感謝。首先，我要特別感謝我的知道郭謙功老師對我的悉心指導(dǎo)，在我的論文書寫及設(shè)計過程中給了我大量的幫助和指導(dǎo)，為我理清了設(shè)計思路和操作方法，并對我所做的課題提出了有效的改進方案。從他身上，我學(xué)到了許多能受益終生的東西。其次，我要感謝大學(xué)四年中所有的任課老師和輔導(dǎo)員在學(xué)習(xí)期間對我的嚴(yán)格要求，感謝他們對我學(xué)習(xí)上和生活上的幫助，使我了解了許多專業(yè)知識和為人的道理，能夠在今后的生活道路上有繼續(xù)奮斗的力量。最后，我要感謝我的父母對我的關(guān)系和理解，如果沒有他們在我的學(xué)習(xí)生涯中的無私奉獻和默默支持，我將無法順利完成今天的學(xué)業(yè)。從這里走出，對我的人生來說，將是踏上一個新的征程，要把所學(xué)的知識應(yīng)用到實際工作中去