【正文】 c leakage which has solution electric circuit to the electric capacity has very strict request, also some electric circuits are to the electric resistance, and function and capacity of electric capacity have very high example filter in mon use and big capacity(100 uF ～ 3000 uF) aluminum electrolysis electric capacity in an electric circuit, for filter out the high Pin usually still needs to merge small capacity( uF ～ uF) porcelain a slice electric permit a ponent according to choice function and the parameter suitable of the request of electric circuit while design, and want to notice an achievement to consume, capacity, frequency with bear to press whether scope satisfies a request or not. (2) the cent sign the choice of ponent Cent sign a ponent to include diode,triode,transistor, field effect tube, only give or get an electric shock two(three) poles tube etc..Carry on a choice respectively according to its use. 　 The period category of choice is different and the regulation is also example choice crystal triode transistor, first notice is to choose a NPN type or a PNP type tube, is Gao Pin2 Guan3 or a low frequency tube, is a big power tube or small power tube, and notice the parameter PCM, ICM, BVCEO, ICBO, β of pipe, whether T and β satisfies an electric circuit design the request of the index sign or not, high Pin work, request T=(5~10), is work frequency. (3) the integrated circuit choose Because the integrated circuit can carry out a lot of unit electric circuits the whole function of machine electric circuit even, so choose to design unit electric circuit with the integrated circuit convenient and vivid with total electric circuit, it not only make the system physical volume contract, and function credibility, easy to adjust to try and make use of, rather popular while designing electric circuit. The integrated circuit imitates integrated circuit and numerical integrated circuit home and abroad already the born be a great deal of integrated circuit, the model number, principle, function of its spare part, the characteristic can check concerning the manual. The integrated circuit of choice not only want to carry out a design a project on the function and the characteristic, and want to satisfy achievement consume, electric voltage, speed, price etc. various of request. Four. The electric circuit diagram draw In order to mean the whole machine electric circuit of the design and the conjunction of each unit electric circuit relation in detail, design need to draw plete electric circuit diagram. Electric circuit diagram usually is at system frame diagram, the design, parameter calculation and spare part of the unit electric circuit choose of foundation up draw of, it is a construction and adjust to try and maintain of notice once what time while drawing electric circuit diagram: (1) the layout be reasonable and arrange even, the picture is clear, easy to see diagram, be advantageous to the prehension and reading toward the diagram. Sometimes a total electric circuit from several part constitute, should as far as possible chase total electric circuit picture on a piece of diagram paper while the electric circuit is more plicated, need to draw a few diagrams, then should draw main electric circuit on the same piece of diagram paper, two some more independent with next in importance of the part draw on another diagram paper, and marking in doing the break of diagram a people39。t draw oblique line, mutual together with of cross in addition to using to order to mean at first, according to the demand, can be link online add to note signal or other markings, mean its function or its of the online can mean with the sign, for example the power supply in period generally marks the number of power supply electric voltage and the ground line means with the sign(┴ ). Whether electric circuit of design can satisfy a design request, have to also pass a construction or not adjust to try to carry on a verification. 電子電路的設(shè)計(jì)　　設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)電子電路系統(tǒng)時(shí)，首先必須明確系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，根據(jù)任務(wù)進(jìn)行方案選擇，然后對(duì)方案中的各個(gè)部分進(jìn)行單元的設(shè)計(jì)，參數(shù)計(jì)算和器件選擇，最后將各個(gè)部分連接在一起，畫出一個(gè)符合設(shè)計(jì)要求的完整的系統(tǒng)電路圖。二、 方案選擇　　這一步的工作要求是把系統(tǒng)要完成的任務(wù)分配給若干個(gè)單元電路，并畫出一個(gè)能表示各單元功能的整機(jī)原理框圖　　方案選擇的重要任務(wù)是根據(jù)掌握的知識(shí)和資料，針對(duì)系統(tǒng)提出的任務(wù)，要求和條件，完成系統(tǒng)的功能設(shè)計(jì)。并且對(duì)方案要不斷進(jìn)行可行性和有缺點(diǎn)的分析，最后設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)完整框圖。三、 單元電路的設(shè)計(jì)，參數(shù)計(jì)算和期間選擇　　根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的指標(biāo)和功能框圖，明確各部分任務(wù)，進(jìn)行各單元電路的設(shè)計(jì)，參數(shù)計(jì)算和器件選擇?！　∶總€(gè)單元電路設(shè)計(jì)前都需明確各單元電路的任務(wù)，詳細(xì)擬定出單元電路的性能指標(biāo)，與前后級(jí)之間的關(guān)系，分析電路的組成形式。而且，不僅單元電路本身要設(shè)計(jì)合理，各單元電路間也要互相配合，注意各部分的輸入信號(hào)，輸出信號(hào)和控制信號(hào)的關(guān)系。例如，放大電路中各電阻值，放大倍數(shù)的計(jì)算；振蕩器中電阻，電容，振蕩頻率等參數(shù)的計(jì)算?！　?shù)計(jì)算時(shí)，同一個(gè)電路可能有幾組數(shù)據(jù)，注意選擇一組能完成電路設(shè)計(jì)要求的功能，在實(shí)踐中能真正可行的參數(shù)。 元器件的工作電流，電壓，頻率和功耗等參數(shù)應(yīng)能滿足電路指標(biāo)的要求；252。 電阻和電容的參數(shù)應(yīng)選計(jì)算值附近的標(biāo)稱值。不同的電路對(duì)電阻和電容性能要求也不同，有解電路對(duì)電容的漏電要求很嚴(yán)，還有些電路對(duì)電阻，電容的性能和容量要求很高。設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要根據(jù)電路的要求選擇性能和參數(shù)合適的阻容元件，并要注意功耗，容量，頻率和耐壓范圍是否滿足要求。根據(jù)其用途分別進(jìn)行選擇。例如選擇晶體三極管時(shí)，首先注意是選擇NPN型還是PNP型管，是高頻管還是低頻管，是大功率管還是小功率管，并注意管子的參數(shù) PCM ， ICM ， BVCEO ， ICBO ，β ，T和 β 是否滿足電路設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)的要求。 　　集成電路又模擬集成電路和數(shù)字集成電路?！　∵x擇的集成電路不僅要在功能和特性上實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)方案，而且要滿足功耗，電壓，速度，價(jià)格等多方面的要求。　　電路圖通常是在系統(tǒng)框圖，單元電路設(shè)計(jì)，參數(shù)計(jì)算和器件選擇的基礎(chǔ)上繪制的，它是組裝，調(diào)試和維修的依據(jù)?！　∮袝r(shí)一個(gè)總電路由幾部分組成，繪圖時(shí)應(yīng)盡量把總電路圖畫在一張圖紙上?！　∮袝r(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)并便于看清各單元電路的功能關(guān)系， 每一個(gè)功能單元電路的元件應(yīng)集中布置在一起，并盡可能按工作順序排列。　　一般從輸入端和信號(hào)源畫起，由左至右或由上至下按信號(hào)的流向依次畫出各單元電路，而反饋通路的信號(hào)流向則與此相反?！　D形符號(hào)表示器件的項(xiàng)目或概念。圖中，大規(guī)模器件外，其余元器件符號(hào)應(yīng)當(dāng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。　　通常連接可以水平或垂直布置，一般不畫斜線，互相連同的交叉除用原點(diǎn)表示，根據(jù)需要，可以在連接線上加注信號(hào)名或其他標(biāo)記，表示其功能或其去向?！　≡O(shè)計(jì)的電路是否能滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求，還必須通過(guò)組裝，調(diào)試進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。通過(guò)本次簡(jiǎn)易智能電動(dòng)車的設(shè)計(jì)與制作，我掌握了單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)的具體應(yīng)用方法和工作原理，進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)了“H橋”控制與驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。第一，使我們基本掌握了一項(xiàng)電子設(shè)計(jì)方面的技能,鞏固了我們所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識(shí),培養(yǎng)了我們的創(chuàng)新素質(zhì)和鉆研精神。為我們能夠進(jìn)一步精通和掌握相關(guān)專業(yè)課程的知識(shí)并能夠舉一反三學(xué)會(huì)全方位、更有深度的知識(shí)的能力打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。雖然在制作過(guò)程中，大家都盡心盡力，團(tuán)結(jié)一致克服困難，但也還是遇到了不少的問(wèn)題。經(jīng)過(guò)自己親手的實(shí)踐過(guò)程，使我學(xué)到了許多課本以外的知識(shí)，積累了一定的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，對(duì)自己將來(lái)走向工作崗位能夠很快、很好的投入到工作當(dāng)中起到了不可磨滅的作用。制作18