【正文】 配分析與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的全部?jī)?nèi)容，在本次設(shè)計(jì)中，考慮到貨車的實(shí)際情況及主要用途，本次設(shè)計(jì)懸架類型采用了鋼板彈簧及雙作用式液壓減振器非獨(dú)立懸架。通過上述計(jì)算及分析驗(yàn)證，該減振器基本滿足要求，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、簡(jiǎn)單、成本較低及實(shí)用性強(qiáng)是此減震器的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在本次設(shè)計(jì)中遇到很多困難，老師耐心的做出解答，同時(shí)也啟發(fā)了我很多靈感。在即將完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，感謝多位老師幫忙審閱圖紙，避免了一些錯(cuò)誤。在老師及同學(xué)的幫助下，我如期完成了此次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，同時(shí)也豐富了汽車相關(guān)的知識(shí)，鍛煉了自己進(jìn)行機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的能力。附錄一 相關(guān)程序彈簧動(dòng)撓度的幅頻特性曲線x=::10。m1=120。x0=。w=2.*pi.*x。a=((1w./w0).^2).*(1+91./u.*(w./w0).^21).^2+4.*b.*b.*(w./w0).^2.*(9(1./u+1).*(w./w0).^2).^2。y=d.*d.*9./w.*sqrt(1./a)。激振頻率 f/HZ39。ylabel(39。)。彈簧動(dòng)撓度的幅頻特性曲線39。gtext(39。)。f0=,r=9,u=939。hold onx=::10。m1=90。x0=。w=2.*pi.*x。a=((1w./w0).^2).*(1+91./u.*(w./w0).^21).^2+4.*b.*b.*(w./w0).^2.*(9(1./u+1).*(w./w0).^2).^2。y=d.*d.*9./w.*sqrt(1./a)。*39。后懸39。附錄二 專業(yè)外文翻譯英文原文：Automotive suspension design
Suspension is to ensure that the wheel or axle with the vehicle carrying system contact between the flexible and able to transfer load, easing the impact of vibration attenuation, as well as regulating body in the car, such as the location of the general term for the device. Suspension is the transfer function of the most important role in the wheel and the frame all between the force and moment, and to relieve the car when passing through the road surface uneven impact, the attenuation caused by the vibration of the bearing system, to ensure the smooth running of vehicles. To this end must be the wheel and the frame or body to provide flexibility between the connected ponents rely on the flexibility to transfer the wheel or axle and the frame or the vertical load between the body and rely on its deformation to absorb energy to cushion the purpose. Adopt a flexible connection, the car can be seen as quality by the suspension, nonsprung mass and spring consisting of vibration system, to bear from the uneven road surface, the aerodynamic and power train, engine incentives. In order to rapidly decay unnecessary vibration, the suspension also must include a damping ponent, that is, shock absorber. In addition, to ensure that the wheel suspension in the frame or body with all the force and moment between the reliable transmission and decided to wheel in relation to the frame or body of the displacement characteristics of the connection devices are collectively referred to as bodyoriented. Decisionoriented institutions at the time of the beating movement of wheel tracks and wheel alignment parameters, as well as the car before and after the roll center and pitch center position to a large extent, the impact of the vehicle39。 (2)Rational designoriented agencies to ensure that the wheels and frame or between the body and all the reliable transmission of torque to ensure that when the wheels beat changes in wheel alignment parameters are not so large, and to meet the car has a good handling and stability requirements。(4)Roll center and the center of the right trim, automobile steering ability when the antiroll, automotive braking and acceleration to maintain the stability of the body in order to avoid braking and accelerating vehicles in the body when the trim。 (6)Ease of layout, design of the car to give special consideration to the engine and allow enough trunk space。 (8)Manufacture lowcost。 from the full distance at the two ends of the curve steepens, and stiffness by Great. This deflection of the limited dynamic range of more than dynamic linear suspension capacity. Suspension means a suspension of the action capacity of the location from the static load, the deformation of structural deformation until the maximum allowable power consumption. The greater capacity of the dynamic suspension, the breakdown of the possibility of buffer smaller pieces. Fully loaded, noload and spring climate on the quality of the goods vehicles and passenger cars, in order to reduce the vibration frequency and a high degree of changes in the body, it should be nonlinear variable selection of suspension stiffness. Spring on the quality of cars in use although little change, but the axle on the frame in order to reduce the impact and reduce traffic at the time of turning and braking at the time of roll angle of depression before and after the elevation at the time to accelerate, it should be variable stiffness nonlinear suspension. Leaf spring suspension of nonindependent features can be considered as linear elastic, and vicespring with leaf springs, air springs, gas springs, etc., are nonlinear elastic stiffness characteristics of variable suspension. Automotive suspension design譯文：汽車懸架設(shè)計(jì) 懸架是保證車輪或車橋與汽車承載系統(tǒng)之間具有彈性聯(lián)系并能傳遞載荷、緩和沖擊、衰減振動(dòng)以及調(diào)節(jié)汽車行駛中的車身位置等有關(guān)裝置的總稱。為此必須在車輪與車架或車身之間提供彈性聯(lián)接，依靠彈性元件來傳遞車輪或車橋與車架或車身之間的垂向載荷，并依靠其變形來吸收能量，達(dá)到緩沖的目的。為了迅速衰減不必要的振動(dòng)，懸架中還必須包括阻尼元件，即減振器。導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)決定了車輪跳動(dòng)時(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡和車輪定位參數(shù)的變化，以及汽車前后側(cè)傾中心及縱傾中心的位置，從而在很大程度上影響了整車的操縱穩(wěn)定性和抗縱傾能力。 盡管一百多年來汽車懸架從結(jié)構(gòu)型式到作用原理一直在不斷地演進(jìn)，但從結(jié)構(gòu)功能而言，它都是由彈性元件、減振裝置和導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)三部分組成。 根據(jù)導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，汽車懸架可分為非獨(dú)立懸架和獨(dú)立懸架兩大類。獨(dú)立懸架中沒有這樣的剛性梁，左右車輪各自“獨(dú)立”地與車架或車身相連或構(gòu)成斷開式車橋，按結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)又可細(xì)分為橫臂式、縱臂式、斜臂式等等，各種懸架的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)將在以下章節(jié)中進(jìn)一步討論。當(dāng)左右車輪跳動(dòng)幅度不一致時(shí)，后支持橋中呈V形斷面并與左右縱臂固結(jié)在一起的橫梁受扭，由于其具有一定的扭轉(zhuǎn)彈性，故此種懸架既不同于非獨(dú)立懸架，也與獨(dú)立懸架有別。按照彈性元件的種類，汽車懸架又可以分為鋼板彈簧懸架、螺旋彈簧懸架、扭桿彈簧懸架、空氣懸架以及油氣懸架等。 如前所述，汽車懸架和懸掛質(zhì)量、非懸掛質(zhì)量構(gòu)成了一個(gè)振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，該振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的特性很大程度上決定了汽車的行駛平順性，并進(jìn)一步影響到汽車的行駛車速、燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性和運(yùn)營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)性。此外，懸架對(duì)整車操縱穩(wěn)定性、抗縱傾能力也起著決定性的作用。懸架設(shè)計(jì)可以大致分為結(jié)構(gòu)型式及主要參數(shù)選擇和詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)階段，有時(shí)還要反復(fù)交叉進(jìn)行。用途不同的汽車，對(duì)平順性要求不一樣。對(duì)普通級(jí)以下轎車滿載的情況，～，～。對(duì)高級(jí)轎車滿載的情況，～，～。選定偏頻以后，即可計(jì)算出懸架的靜撓度。其切線的斜率是懸架的剛度。當(dāng)懸架變形廠與所受垂直外力F之間呈固定比例變化時(shí)，彈性特性為一直線，稱為線性彈性特性，此時(shí)懸架剛度為常數(shù)。這樣可在有限的動(dòng)撓度范圍內(nèi)，得到比線性懸架更多的動(dòng)容量。懸架的動(dòng)容量越大，對(duì)緩沖塊擊穿的可能性越小。轎車簧上質(zhì)量在使用中雖然變化不大，但為了減少車軸對(duì)車架的撞擊，減少轉(zhuǎn)彎行駛時(shí)的側(cè)傾與制動(dòng)時(shí)的前俯角和加速時(shí)的后仰角，也應(yīng)當(dāng)采用剛度可變的非線