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達(dá)到在二維平面上塑造非常逼真的三維空間立體效果。三 論述題1.幾個方面說中國畫在世界美術(shù)領(lǐng)域中自成體系,獨(dú)具特色?答:可以從以下四個方面來敘說:一.首先表現(xiàn)在工具材料上,中國畫為主的工具材料是毛筆,國畫顏料,墨,宣紙或絹帛。又由于講究毛筆作畫時的諸多筆法技巧和墨的“墨分五色”。二.其次表現(xiàn)在構(gòu)圖方法上,不受焦點(diǎn)透視西洋畫原理的制約,多采用散點(diǎn)透視,從而表現(xiàn)中國畫的視野開闊構(gòu)圖靈活畫面景物可以隨意安置的特點(diǎn)。全景式如《清明上河圖》,分段式如《韓熙載夜宴圖》,分層式如“長沙馬王堆漢墓出土的T形帛畫”。形成了中國畫獨(dú)特的審美文本和審美語境,即所謂的“詩中有畫,畫中有詩”的民族審美意趣。相對于重視客觀對象逼真再現(xiàn)的西方繪畫,中國畫更加重視對象的內(nèi)在精神和畫家的主觀情懷。正所謂:“一草一木豈無情乎”。被譽(yù)為世界第八奇觀的秦始皇陵兵馬俑,規(guī)??涨?,氣勢磅礴,陶俑陶馬總計(jì)有6000余件,組成了威武雄壯的軍陣。陵墓雕塑在秦漢時期堪稱盛況空前。從魏晉開始,云崗石窟,龍門石窟,敦煌石窟,麥積山石窟等相繼繁榮起來。雖然這些地方的雕塑并非一朝一代的作品,但從整體風(fēng)格和藝術(shù)水平來看,當(dāng)推魏晉隋唐時期的石窟雕刻藝術(shù)成就最為顯著。然而我國古代雕塑藝術(shù)的又一大類型小型玩賞性雕塑卻日趨繁榮,可視為第三高峰期。新中國成立以來,我國雕塑藝術(shù)更有長足發(fā)展。作業(yè)四名詞解釋:音樂藝術(shù)。它是人類社會歷史上產(chǎn)生最早的藝術(shù)種類之一,也是日常生活中人們最喜愛的藝術(shù)種類之一?!靶伞?,音樂最主要的表現(xiàn)手段,它把高低、長短不同的樂音按照一定的節(jié)奏、節(jié)拍以至調(diào)式、調(diào)性關(guān)系等組織起來,塑造音樂形象,表現(xiàn)特定的內(nèi)容和情感。它是人類歷史上最古老的藝術(shù)之一。從狹義上講,戲劇主要是指話劇。話劇在歐美各國通常被稱為戲劇。戲曲藝術(shù):戲曲是中國傳統(tǒng)的戲劇形式的總稱。在世界上,古希臘戲劇、印度梵劇和中國戲曲,被稱為三種古老的戲劇藝術(shù)。答:所謂藝術(shù)的抒情性與表現(xiàn)性,當(dāng)是音樂、舞蹈藝術(shù)的共同審美特征。諸如“歌以敘志、舞以宣情以及“音樂是心情的藝術(shù),它直接針對著心情”等說法都說明著這一點(diǎn)。表現(xiàn)出人類的理想追求。 藝術(shù)的表演性與形象性。就表演性而言,無論是音樂還是舞蹈都先須有作曲、作詞、配器和編舞的所謂一度創(chuàng)作。從某種意義上說一首樂曲,一場舞蹈只有通過這些表演,才能作為藝術(shù)作品而存在,才能顯示其審美意義和審美價值。具有直觀性、動態(tài)性和表情性等特點(diǎn)。是看不見的,它需要欣賞者用全部身心去體驗(yàn)、去感悟。 藝術(shù)的節(jié)奏性與韻律美。在藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域里,節(jié)奏是最重要的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)形式之一。在音樂中,節(jié)奏是最基本和最重要的表現(xiàn)手段。在舞蹈中,節(jié)奏同樣是舞蹈藝術(shù)最基本的構(gòu)成要素和表現(xiàn)手段。在舞蹈作品中,音樂與舞蹈緊密結(jié)合,沒有成功的韻就沒有完美的舞蹈,而節(jié)奏正是它們結(jié)合的紐帶。所以說,正是節(jié)奏將舞蹈音樂與舞蹈動作緊緊地聯(lián)系在一起,使之成為一個完美的舞蹈作品。論述題: 如何通過自己的親身體會,理解音樂舞蹈的抒情性與表現(xiàn)性,從而加深對表情藝術(shù)的理解和認(rèn)識。答:第一,形象思維過程始終不能離開感性形象。第二,形象思維過程不依靠邏輯推理,而是始終依靠想象、情感等多種心理功能。第三,形象思維具有整體性的特點(diǎn)。形象思維更加強(qiáng)調(diào)從整體上去把握事物,通過事物整體形象來把握其內(nèi)在的本質(zhì)和規(guī)律。s 72hour visafree policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a threeday visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists and raises the city39。s largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, China39。s business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting pany in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the city39。s cooperation with Central Asian countries, a senior official said. Shaanxi Governor Lou Qinjian said the province is fresh, rich and unique, as it was when it anchored one end of the ancient Silk Road. It is the best option for acmodating industrial transfers from East China or the world at large, he said on Wednesday in Xi39。an, the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, a trade channel established more than 2,000 years ago linking China, Central Asia and Europe.