【正文】 CNC裝置與外界進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)和信息交換的接口板，即CNC裝置通過該接口可以從輸入設(shè)備獲取數(shù)據(jù)，也可以將CNC裝置中的數(shù)據(jù)送給輸出設(shè)備。如果計(jì)算機(jī)主板選用的是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主板，則此板可省略。因此，CNC裝置中計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的合理選用是至關(guān)重要的。在CNC裝置中它用來(lái)存放下列數(shù)據(jù)和參數(shù)： 系統(tǒng)軟件、系統(tǒng)固有數(shù)據(jù)；系統(tǒng)的配置參數(shù)(系統(tǒng)所能控制的進(jìn)給軸數(shù)，軸的定義，系統(tǒng)增益等) ；用戶的零件加工程序。光存儲(chǔ)器件，如：光盤（只讀）。 前兩類一般用作外存儲(chǔ)器，其特點(diǎn)是容量大，價(jià)格低。若按其讀寫性能來(lái)看，它又可分為三類：只讀存儲(chǔ)元件（ROM、PROM、EPROM、E2PROM）；易失性隨機(jī)讀寫存儲(chǔ)元件（RAM）。這類器件有： E2PROM ；FLASH ；帶后備電池的RAM 。 因電子器件組成的存儲(chǔ)單元是按磁盤的管理方式進(jìn)行的，故稱其為電子盤。 (5) PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)模塊 PLC模塊：CNC裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)順序控制的模塊。 CNC裝置與被控設(shè)備交換的信息有三類： 開關(guān)信號(hào)、模擬信號(hào)、脈沖信號(hào)。 PLC模塊變換處理其目的： 滿足CNC系統(tǒng)的輸入輸出要求。CNC 機(jī)床用的PLC 一般分為兩類： 內(nèi)裝型（Builtin Type ）PLC（或集成式、內(nèi)含式）。 常用的位置控制模塊有： 開環(huán)位置控制模塊：CNC 裝置與步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電源的接口；閉環(huán)（含半閉環(huán)）位置控制模塊：CNC 裝置與直流、交流伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置的接口。 三、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)( 硬件) 簡(jiǎn)介 我國(guó)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)是具有自主版權(quán)的高性能數(shù)控系統(tǒng)之一。它適合多坐標(biāo) (25 軸) 數(shù)控 鏜 銑床和加工中心，在增加相應(yīng)的軟件模塊后，也可適應(yīng)于其它類型的數(shù)控機(jī)床 ( 數(shù)控磨床、車床、齒輪加工機(jī)床等) 以及特種加工機(jī)床（激光加工機(jī)、線切割機(jī)等）。 (1) 多主結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)： 能實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的并行處理，處理速度快，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)較復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)功能。結(jié)構(gòu)特征： 功能模塊分為帶有CPU 的主模塊和從模塊 (RAM/ROM ，I/O 模塊 ) ，以系統(tǒng)總線為中心，所有的主、從模塊都插在嚴(yán)格定義的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)總線上。 共享總線結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、系統(tǒng)組配靈活、成本相對(duì)較低、可靠性高；共享總線結(jié)構(gòu)的缺點(diǎn)：總線是系統(tǒng)的“ 瓶頸” ，一旦系統(tǒng)總線出現(xiàn)故障，將使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)受到影響；由于使用總線要經(jīng)仲裁，使信息傳輸率降低。 由于多端口存儲(chǔ)器設(shè)計(jì)較復(fù)雜，而且對(duì)兩個(gè)以上的主模塊，會(huì)因爭(zhēng)用存儲(chǔ)器可能造成存儲(chǔ)器傳輸信息的阻塞，所以這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般采用雙端口存儲(chǔ)器（雙端口RAM）。s function to introduce CNC device is a modular design based on the method of construction The modular design: the control system functions into several independent function modules, and with the appropriate driver software. Systems designed in accordance with the requirements of different features of the function modules, and control unit to insert the mother board, to form a plete control system. One unit bus motherboards for the general structure of the passive motherboard, which provides connectivity between modules of the signaling pathway. CNC modular system design to achieve the condition that the bus (BUS) standardization. Modular structure, CNC system design work can be reduced to a reasonable selection of functional modules.(1)a puter motherboard and system bus (motherboard) CNC puter motherboard is the core of the device. Structural features: CPU and its peripheral chip。 munications interfaces (serial, parallel port, keyboard interface). Soft and hard drive interface.The main role of the puter motherboard: On the input device to the CNC in a variety of data, information (parts processing, a variety of I / O, and other information) for the corresponding arithmetic and logic operations. On the basis of the results, to the functional module to issue a mand control, data transmission, allowing users to carry out the instructions. System bus (motherboard): a set of digital information transmission of the physical wires, it is the internal puter systems or data channel of information exchange: Data Bus: 8 data lines, 8bit bus width。 Control Bus: Industrial Machine PC motherboard bus is an independent source of the fourstorey plate (alignment surface, surface ponents, power supply and groundlevel), which is higher than the reliability of the twotier board. Specifications of its 6 slot, 8 slot, 12 slots, 14 slots, and so on. (2) display module (card) The main role of the display card: To receive an order from the CPU to control the use and display the data, with the CRT39。s motherboard is a standard selection board, the board can be omitted. More than three parts (the puter motherboard, video card, I / O) Reinforced with the keyboard, power supply, chassis, is actually a mon microputer system, which is the core of the CNC device, in a sense, CNC device and the level of performance by its decision. Therefore, CNC device in the puter system of rational choice is of utmost importance. (4) edisk (memory module) CNC is a set of electronic devicespecific memory modules. In the CNC device used to store its data and the following parameters: System software, data inherent in the system。 user parts of the processing procedure. Computer memory used in the field are three categories: Magnetic storage device, such as: soft / hard disk (read / write). Optical storage device, such as: CDROM (readonly). Electronics (semiconductor) memory, such as RAM, ROM, FLASH, and so on. Outside the former two types of memory used in general, characterized by large capacity and low prices. Electronic memory used in the general memory, and its price is higher than the former two categories. If the reading and writing according to their performance, it can be divided into three categories: Readonly memory devices (ROM, PROM, EPROM, E2PROM)。 FLASH。s way, it is called electronic disk. Edisc specifications are: , , 6MB, 12MB, and so on. (5) PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) module PLC Module: CNC control devices to realize Module in the order. PLC module: to receive from the operation panel, the machine on the trip switches, sensors, buttons, strong electrical relay cabinet, as well as the axis of control, knife control of the library on the signal, the output treated to a corresponding control device Run. CNC devices and equipment charged with the exchange of information has three categories: Switch signals, analog signals, pulse signals. Due to the abovementioned signal of its type, level, as well as the power of the anti normally can not be directly associated with the CNC device requires an interface for these signals to deal with change.PLC module transform its purpose: CNC system to meet the requirements of input and output. Signal conversion, including the main aspects: Level conversion。 digital pulse volume and conversion。 blocking external interference signal into the puter, the CNC will be in the electrical signal to an external device for isolation and to improve the operation of CNC device Reliability.CNC machine tools used in the PLC will generally be divided into two categories: Builtin type (Builtin Type) PLC (or integrated, including type). Independent (Standalone Type) PLC (or universal) (6) position control module Location of the control module is the feed servo system an important part of the tra