【正文】 30參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 陳衍. 電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)態(tài)分析. 北京:中國(guó)電力出版社，1995[2] 何仰贊，溫增銀. 電力系統(tǒng)分析（上、下冊(cè)）. 華中理工大學(xué)出版社，1993[3] 韋鋼. 電力系統(tǒng)分析基礎(chǔ). 北京: 中國(guó)電力出版社，2006[4] 李耿銀. 電力系統(tǒng)分析基礎(chǔ). 北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2011[5] 韓禎祥，吳國(guó)炎. 電力系統(tǒng)分析. 浙江大學(xué)出版社，1993[6] 王棟. Visual Basic 程序設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用教程. 北京: 清華大學(xué)出版社，2002[7] 李維波. MATLAB 在電氣工程中的應(yīng)用. 北京: 中國(guó)電力出版社，2007[8] 邱曉燕，劉天琪. 電力系統(tǒng)分析的計(jì)算機(jī)算法. 北京: [9] 吳天明，趙新力，劉建存. MATLAB電力系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與分析. 北京:國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社，2007[10] 孟祥萍. 電力系統(tǒng)分析. 北京: [11] 武曉朦，張飛廷. 電力系統(tǒng)的P Q 分解法潮流計(jì)算[J]. 現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù),2002 ,142(11): 105106[12] 楊帆. 電力系統(tǒng)潮流計(jì)算程序設(shè)計(jì)[J]. 山西冶金，2007，106（2）:4244[13] 劉軍,劉學(xué)軍. MATLAB 在電力系統(tǒng)分析中的應(yīng)用[J] . 電力系統(tǒng)及其自動(dòng)化學(xué)報(bào), , 12(2): 2325[14] 張寧,江紅梅,張渭. 基于MATLAB的電力系統(tǒng)潮流計(jì)算[J]. 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版)，,32(12): 124126[15] 周衛(wèi)星，張穎基. 于MATLAB的電力系統(tǒng)潮流計(jì)算[J].科技咨詢導(dǎo)報(bào)，2007，10：7071附 錄 PQ分解法潮流計(jì)算程序clear。n=5。isb=1。B1=[1 2 0 0。2 4 + 0 1 0。3 5 0 1]。0 + 0 0 2。0 + 0 0 2。X=[1 0。3 0。5 0]。Y=zeros(n)。 e=zeros(1,n)。 V=zeros(1,n)。for i=1:n if X(i,2)~=0。 Y(p,p)=1./X(i,2)。q=B1(i,2)。q=B1(i,1)。 Y1(p,q)=Y1(p,q)1./B1(i,3)。 YI(q,p)=YI(p,q)。 YI(q,q)=YI(q,q)+1./B1(i,3)。 YI(p,p)=YI(p,p)+1./B1(i,3)。B=imag(YI)。for i=1:n S(i)=B2(i,1)B2(i,2)。endP=real(S)。for i=1:n e(i)=real(B2(i,3))。 V(i)=B2(i,4)。 O(i)=atan(f(i)./e(i))。 else IC1=i+1。 end B(i,i)=1./B(i,i)。 end end endendp=0。for i=1:n if B2(i,6)==2 p=p+1。 for j1=1:n if B2(j1,6)==2 k=k+1。 end end endendfor i=1:na if i==na A(i,i)=1./A(i,i)。 for j1=k:na A(i,j1)=A(i,j1)./A(i,i)。 for k=i+1:na for j1=i+1:na A(k,j1)=A(k,j1)A(k,i)*A(i,j1)。ICT1=0。kq=1。DET=0。while ICT2~=0||ICT3~=0 ICT2=0。 for i=1:n if i~=isb C(i)=0。 end DP1(i)=P(i)V(i)*C(i)。 DET=abs(DP1(i))。 end end endNp(K)=ICT2。 if i~=n IC1=i+1。 end else for LZ=3:i L=i+3LZ。 for MZ=2:IC4 I=IC4+2MZ。 end end end end for i=2:n O(i)=O(i)DP(i)。L=0。L=L+1。 end DQ1(i)=Q(i)V(i)*C(i)。 DET=abs(DQ1(i))。 end end endelse kp=0。 L=0。L=L+1。 end DQ1(i)=Q(i)V(i)*C(i)。 DET=abs(DQ1(i))。if ICT3~=0 L=0。 if i==na for LZ=2:i L=i+2LZ。 for MZ=1:IC4 I=IC4+1MZ。 end end else IC1=i+1。 end endendL=0。 V(i)=V(i)DQ(L)。K=K+1。 if kp~=0 K=K+1。endenddisp(K)。disp(Nq)。 O(k)=O(k)*180./pi。disp(V)。for p=1:n C(p)=0。 end S(p)=E(p)*C(p)。for i=1:nl if B1(i,6)==0 p=B1(i,1)。 else p=B1(i,2)。 endSi(p,q)=E(p)*(conj(E(p))*conj(B1(i,4)./2)+(conj(E(p)*B1(i,5))conj(E(q)))*conj(1./(B1(i,3)*B1(i,5))))。endfor i=1:nl if B1(i,6)==0 p=B1(i,1)。 else p=B1(i,2)。 endSj(q,p)=E(q)*(conj(E(q))*conj(B1(i,4)./2)+(conj(E(q)./B1(i,5))conj(E(p)))*conj(1./(B1(i,3)*B1(i,5))))。endfor i=1:nl if B1(i,6)==0 p=B1(i,1)。 else p=B1(i,2)。 end DS(i)=Si(p,q)+Sj(q,p)。endfor i=1:K Cs(i)=i。 endendplot(Cs,Dy)。 therefore, a convenient means for voltage transformation became a necessity.The development of the transformation and ac transmission by L. Gaulard and . Gibbs of Paris, France, led to ac electric power systems. George Westinghouse secured rights to these developments in the United States. In 1886, William Stanley, an associate of Westinghouse, developed and tested a mercially practical transformer and ac distribution system for 150 lamps at Great Barrington, Massachusetts. In 1889, the first ac transmission line in North America was put into operation in Oregon between Willamette Falls and Portland. It was a singlephase line transmitting power at 4,000 V over a distance of 21 km.With the development of polyphase systems by Nikolas Tesla, the ac system became even more attractive. By 1888, Tesla held several patents on ac motors, generators, transformers, and transmission systems. Westinghouse bought the patents to these early inventions, and they formed the basis of the presentday ac systems.In the 1890s, there was considerable controversy over whether the electric utility industry should be standardized on dc or ac. There were passionate arguments between Edison, who advocated dc, and Westinghouse, who favored ac. By the turn of the century, the ac system had won out over the dc system for the following reasons。 singlephase residential and mercial loads are distributed equally among the phases so as to effectively form a balanced threephase system.●Use synchronous machines for electricity. Prime movers convent the primary sources of energy (fossil, nuclear, and hydraulic) to mechanical energy that is, in turn, converted to electrical energy by synchronous generators.●Transmit power over significant distances to consumers spread over a wide area. This requires a transmission system prising subsystems operating at different voltage levels.Figure illustrates the basic elements of a modern power system. Electric power is produced at generating stations (GS) and transmitted to consumers through a plex network of individual ponents, including transmission lines, transformers, and switching devices.It is mon practice to classify the transmission network into the following subsystems:1. Transmission system2. Subtransmission system3. Distribution systemThe transmission system interconnects all major generating stations and main load canters in the system. It forms the backbone of the integrated power system and operates at the highest voltage levels (typically, 230kV and above).The generator voltage are usually in the range of 11 to 35 kV. These are stepped up to the transmission voltage levels, and power is transmitted to transmission substations where the voltage