【正文】 e boy students， an apple treesome apple trees, a shoe factory some shoe factories, an eightyearold boy,名詞作定語(yǔ)將兩部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)a woman singerwomen singers, a man teachermen teachers,名詞作定語(yǔ)，a sports bagtwo sports bag, a clothes storetwo clothes stores10常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)scissors 剪刀 goods 貨物 trousers 褲子glasses 玻璃杯people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks11單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同fish魚(yú) fishes魚(yú)的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞名詞所有格：名詞在句中表示所屬關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式叫做名詞所有格，相當(dāng)于物主代詞,在句中作定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無(wú)生命的東西。1. ’s所有格的構(gòu)成：?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞在末尾加’sthe boy’s father, Jack’s book, her soninlaw’s photo, Jim39。s wife, the fox39。 books, Teachers39。 office, a girls39。s構(gòu)成所有格。Whose pen is this? It39。？是湯姆的。3. of所有格的用法：用于無(wú)生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book, a map of the world , the story of a hero , the windows of the room , the title of the film用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)：the classrooms of the firstyear students某些of所有格和‘s所有格可以互換。s story(一個(gè)老婦人講自己的身世) 　　the story of an old woman(別人講一個(gè)老婦人的身世)4. 雙重所有格在意義上與one of...相似：1of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”a friend of my father’s(我父親的一位朋友) =one of my father’s friends,a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)=one of my friends此外，不定冠詞、數(shù)詞、某些不定代詞(some, any, many, no, few等)以及which等限定詞，采用of所有格或雙重所有格形式?！　hich book of Qiong Yao’s do you like best?你最喜歡瓊瑤的哪一本書(shū)？5. 39。s brother39。s brother. 　　 is a friend of Mary39。s. 　　1句用的是39?！　?句用的是of所有格，側(cè)重說(shuō)明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)突出了Mary39?！　?句用的是雙重所有格，側(cè)重說(shuō)明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一個(gè)，她只是其中的一個(gè)。主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The students are working hard.集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果表示整體概念,則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)如果表示其中的所有成員時(shí),則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三班有張中國(guó)地圖)Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個(gè)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),表示許多時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買(mǎi))a lot of, some既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：Some students are playing baseball now.(現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時(shí)間花在了那個(gè)工作上)(被動(dòng)句)and 連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)原則上用復(fù)數(shù), 但是兩個(gè)名詞若構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體事物或者表示一個(gè)人或事物的兩個(gè)身份時(shí),謂語(yǔ)則用單數(shù)。The teacher and writer is ing.（這教師兼作家馬上要來(lái)了。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)用both…and…連接兩個(gè)事物做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：A woman with a 7yearold child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個(gè)七歲的孩子(當(dāng)時(shí))就站在路邊)1either…or…或者 neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)人物做句子主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)采用就近原則。/你和他有一個(gè)人是對(duì)的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 1表示一段時(shí)間，距離，金錢(qián)等度量衡時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。Two thousand dollars isn’t a large amount of money. (兩千美元不是一筆大數(shù)目)1主語(yǔ)中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等詞語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學(xué)生的三分之一正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了)(被動(dòng)句) 有的單詞有兩種含義，既可數(shù)，也不可數(shù)，根據(jù)意思鑒別：What’s the population of China?(中國(guó)人口是多少？)(人口，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量，單數(shù)) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(這個(gè)城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(人口，強(qiáng)調(diào)人，復(fù)數(shù))7. 名詞的功能 名詞在句中作主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ),介詞賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)助語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)以及名詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。 書(shū)包在桌子里邊。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。 這是一本好書(shū)。 我們選他為我們的班長(zhǎng)。 He is a Party . 他是一名黨員。 他們白天黑夜地學(xué)習(xí)。____1 How many ____ have you got on your farm?I39。 foxes C. sheeps。 fox D. sheep。d like____. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( ) 3 Children should make____ for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room參考答案： 6( ) 1 Tables are made of___.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods( ) 2 I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples( ) 3I have read____ of the young writer.A. works B. work C. this works D. the works參考答案： 7( ) 1 Let39。s Park B. the Peoples39。s Park( ) 2 ___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people.A. /。 the C. The。 a( ) 3 How many_______were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples參考答案： 8( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller____.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 2 Last week I bought a TV____.A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block( ) 3 There is a of wood ________ left on the ground.A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair參考答案： 9( ) 1 There are sixtyseven___ in our school.A. women39。s a___.A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop( ) 4 She broke a___while she was washing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass( ) 5 I39。s Day B. Teachers39。s under____.A. the teacher39。 my B. teacher39。 mine C. teacher39。 me D. the teacher39。 mine( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the___?A. men39。 room C. men39。s and Lucy39。s and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy39。s C. sister, Mary39。s Mary39。( ) 4 Joan is____. A. Mary39。s sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Mary39。s sister參考答案： 13( ) 1 In a few____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years39。s D. years( ) 2 It39。 C. ten minute39。s about_____.A. thirty minutes39。s walk C. thirty minutes39。s D. world39。s windows D. The windows in room( ) 2 Please take two___.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park( ) 3 The workers are repairing____.A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the house C. roof of the house D. this roof of house參考答案： 15( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of____.A. Mary39。s B. Mary39。s of Mary D. Mary mothers( ) 2 This is a book of ___.A. Tom B. Tom39。s C. my father friend D. my father friend39。 May B. May。 May D. March。 woods D. chair