【正文】 ological factors that lead to poor performance. Yeah.而且把這些想法轉(zhuǎn)換成文字，會讓他們放松并幫助他們克服導(dǎo)致成績不佳的心理障礙。t expected was that this one activity raised the women39。A huge change. Pity it wasn39。雖然很遺憾沒有提高到A，但是也不錯了！不過這確實證明女學(xué)生與男學(xué)生相比，在考試之前就嚴重表現(xiàn)不佳。s article left out a lot of details.對，提醒你一下，Miyake的文章中還省略了很多細節(jié)。You mean, if they know the researchers thought it might help them to improve, then they39。Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 2830.在播放剩下的錄音之前，你有一些時間閱讀問題2830。So anyway, I thought for our project we could do a similar study, but investigate whether it really was the writing activity that had that result.總之，我覺得我們在自己的項目中也可以做個相似的研究，不過我們要調(diào)查的是，是否真的是這個寫作環(huán)節(jié)導(dǎo)致的那個結(jié)果。Maybe. . . or we could have half the students doing a writing task and half doing something else, like an oral task.也許......我們可以讓一半學(xué)生完成寫作任務(wù)，另一半做點別的事情，比如口頭任務(wù)。Then we39。That39。ve decided on our project.就是這樣，太棒了。We should have our aims ready by then.在那之前我們應(yīng)該把目標(biāo)確定好。s just a summary.我想我們需要把原本的研究看一遍，那篇文章只是個總結(jié)。這篇文章研究的是，和在單一性別小組以及自己獨自學(xué)習(xí)時的表現(xiàn)相比，女生和男生在班上的混合性別小組的表現(xiàn)有什么不同。That39。But I guess it39。What worries me anyway is how we39。We39。re doing. Though I39。不過我不是很清楚要怎么知道參與我們實驗的學(xué)生是否真的取得了進步......No. We may need some advice on that.對啊，我們在這個問題上也許需要一些建議。s to make sure we have the right size sample, not too big or too small.主要的事情是，我們要確保試樣規(guī)模正確，不能太大，也不能太小。t be difficult.這應(yīng)該不難。d be better.我們可以看看科學(xué)系班級的課程表，或者我們也許應(yīng)該跟一位科學(xué)系教授約個時間見一面。Great. And we could even get to observe one of the classes.很好，這樣也許還有機會觀察其中一個班級。s just go with your idea. Right, well. . .嗯......好吧，也許我們還是直接按照你的想法來吧。ve been looking at ocean biodiversity, that39。s oceans.我最近一直在關(guān)注海洋生物多樣性，也就是生活在世界海洋中的生物的多樣性。biodiversity hotspots39。These are the areas which have the greatest mixture of species, so one example is Madagascar.這些地區(qū)擁有最大的混合物種群體，其中一個例子就是馬達加斯加。Biologists can identify hotspots on land, fairly easily, but until recently, very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans, and no one even knew if hotspots existed there.生物學(xué)家們能夠相當(dāng)輕易地辨認出陸地上的熱點地區(qū)，但是直到最近之前，人們對海洋中的生物分布和多樣性都知之甚少，甚至沒人知道海洋中是否存在這樣的熱點地區(qū)。Worm located five hotspots for large ocean predators like sharks, and looked at what they had in mon.Worm鎖定了海洋中像鯊魚這樣的大型食肉動物生活的五個熱點地區(qū)，然后研究了它們的共同點。d expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots — the remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard.他預(yù)計會出現(xiàn)的主要共同點是，在這些地區(qū)都有高度集中的食物來源，但是令他感到意外的是，這一觀點只適用于其中四個熱點地區(qū)，剩下的那個地區(qū)在這方面境況十分不佳。這一點似乎能夠成為支持大型海洋食肉動物多樣化分布的因素。t enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it— so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish.但是只有這一點還遠遠不夠，因為他還發(fā)現(xiàn)海水中需要飽含足夠的氧氣，于是這兩個因素一起便足夠證明這些大型魚類的高代謝率觀點了。不過她感興趣的不是魚類，而是海洋哺乳動物，比如海豹。這些海域中似乎擁有大量的浮游生物可供海洋哺乳動物食用。For example, there39。They39。One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice — sometimes under a layer up to 20 meters thick.他們在那兒發(fā)現(xiàn)了令其他研究人員瞠目結(jié)舌的一件事，那就是冰層之下生活著大量的生物物種，有些甚至生活在20米厚的冰層之下。They39。And other scientists working on the same project, but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor, have found large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes, attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there.其他科學(xué)家也從事同樣的研究，但他們研究的是海底的一些非常與眾不同的棲息地。. . . . . .However, biologists still don39。So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land.于是現(xiàn)在一個名叫Global Marine Species Assessment 的組織正在編寫一份陸地上瀕危物種的名單。Although this is quite difficult when you39。re so mobile, and then thirdly the calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.不過這一點在觀察魚類的時候相當(dāng)困難，因為它們流動性太大了。So far only 1, 500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20, 000.到目前為止，他們只評估了1500種生物，不過他們希望將這一數(shù)字增加到20000。Ultimately they will be able to use these to figure out not only where most species are located but also where they are most threatened.最終，他們將不僅可以通過這些地圖發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分生物生活的地點，還能弄清楚它們在哪里受到的威脅最大。s oceans?那么，要保持世界海洋中的生物多樣性，我們能做些什么呢？Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected.首先，我們要在海洋中設(shè)置更多自然保護區(qū)，在保護區(qū)內(nèi)海洋生物可以受到保護。In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast, we need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely.另外，還有一些生物比如棱皮龜，它們生活在外海中，但是筑巢點卻在美國海岸，為了保護它們，我們需要建立一些遷徙廊道，這樣它們就能從一個地區(qū)安全地到達另一個地區(qū)了。And finally, there39。bycatch39。This refers to the catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats — they39。re often dead or dying.副漁獲指的是漁船會捕撈到不想要的魚類，他們通常會把這些魚放回大海，但是放生時這些魚一般已經(jīng)死了或者命不久矣。OK. So does anyone have any questions. . .好了，有人想要問我問題嗎......