【正文】 ask their employees to work overtime to make up the difference. Worse, panies might raise expectations. They might start to expect that their fourday employees can do the same amount of work they used to do in five days. If this happens, then no additional jobs will be created and current jobs will bee more unpleasant. Finally, while a fourday workweek offers employees more free time to invest in their personal lives, it also presents some risks that could end up reducing their quality of life. Working a shorter week can decrease employees’ job stability and harm their chances for advancing their careers. Fourday employees are likely to be the first to lose their jobs during an economic downturn. They may also be passed over for promotions because panies might prefer to have fiveday employees in management positions to ensure continuous coverage and consistent supervision for the entire workweek. 3 Integrated writing 2—team approach Reading In many anizations, perhaps the best way to approach certain new projects is to assemble a group of people into a team. Having a team of people attack a project offers several advantages. First of all, a group of people has a wider range of knowledge, expertise, and skills than any single individual is likely to possess. Also, because of the number of people involved and the greater resources they possess, a group can work more quickly in response to the task assigned to it and can e up with highly creative solutions to problems and issues. Sometimes these creative solutions e about responsibility for a decision to all the members and thus no single individual can be held accountable if the decision turns out to be wrong. Taking part in a group process can be very rewarding for members of the team. Team members who have a voice in making a decision will no doubt feel better about carrying out the work that is entailed by the decision than they might doing work that is imposed on them by others. Also, the individual team member has a much better chance to “shine”, to get his or her contributions and ideas not only recognized but recognized as highly significant, because a team’s overall results can be more farreaching and have greater impact than what might have otherwise been possible for the person to acplish or contribute working alone.4 Listening Now I want to tell you about what one pany found when it decided that it would turn over some of its new projects to teams of people, and make the team responsible for planning the projects and getting the work done. After about six months, the pany took a look at how well the teams performed. On virtually every team, some members got almost a “free ride”. They didn’t contribute much at all, but if their team did a good job, they nevertheless benefited from the recognition the team got. And what about group members who worked especially well and who provided a lot of insight on problems and issues? Well . . . the recognition for a job well done went to the group as a whole, no names were named. So it won’t surprise you to learn that when the real contributors were asked how they felt about the group process, their attitude was just the opposite of what the reading predicts. Another finding was that some projects just didn’t move very quickly. Why? Because it took so long to reach consensus。s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt. First, there is something inconsistent about the way woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wearyet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects39。s paintings in the 1930s. 6 Listening Everything you just read about Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a “White Bon” is true. And yet, after a thorough reexamination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that’s indeed a work by Rembrandt. And here’s why. First, the fur collar. Xrays and the analysis of the pigments in the paint have shown that the fur collar wasn’t part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about 100 years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a former portrayed of an aristocratic lady. Second, the supposed air with light and shadow. Once the paint of the added fur collar was removed, the original painting could be seen. In the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of lightcolored cloth. The lightcolored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminates parts of the woman’s face. That’s why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting, light and shadow are very realistic, just what we’d expect from Rembrandt. Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added, the wood panel was also enlarged with extra wood pieces glued that size and tap to make the painting more grand and more valuable. So the original paintings actually painted on the single piece of wood, as would be expected from a Rembrandt painting. And in fact, researchers have found that piece wood of the original form of Portrait of an Elderly Woman in the wide Rembrandt is from the very same tree, as the wood panel used for another painting by Rembrandt. He is selfportrait with the hat. 7 Integrated writing 4—Dinosaurs Reading Endotherms are animals such as birds and mammals that keep their body temperatures constant. For instance, humans are endotherms and maintain an internal temperature of 37186。s legs are positioned underneath its body, not at the bod