【正文】 g by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。10. 用一般過去時代替過去完成時 1）　兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。　　 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。例如：　　 When I heard the news, I was very excited.3）　敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。例如：They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。例如：　　　You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時，你已經(jīng)到達上海了12現(xiàn)在進行時 　 現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法：　 a. 表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時）正在發(fā)生的事情?！? b. 習(xí)慣進行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。（說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。例如：　　 The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。s getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。例如：　　 You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。2）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作延續(xù)的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。例如：　　 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.　 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來，受了傷?！　?When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　我到達山頂時，陽光燦爛。例如：　　　She39?！　　39。注意：將來進行時不用于表示意志，不能說 I39。例如：By this time tomorrow, I39。15. 一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，條件句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。16. 一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般過去時 1 ） 書上說，報紙上說等。s going to be cold tomorrow. 報紙上說明天會很冷的。例如：Napoleon39。例如：　 I hear （= have heard） he will go to London. 我聽說了他將去倫敦。2） 用句型 It is … since…代替It has been … since …。18. 一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在進行時。例如： 　 There goes the bell. 鈴響了。例如：　　 Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我們一起度周末好嗎?　　 We are leaving soon.　 我們馬上就走。例如：　　 He is dying. 他要死了。例如：　 At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那時，人們不知道地球是動的?！?2） 賓語從句中的，助動詞ought, need, must, dare 的時態(tài)是不變的。:I’ ll give the book to him as soon as he ________ back.Has the baby ________ crying yet? (stop)I don’ t know whether Mother “They_______ (finish) his homework yesterday.If it ________ an interesting film, we’ll see it tomorrow. (be)They usually ________ (do) their homework after supper.1Listen! Who _____________(sing) in the next room now?1__________(be) your parents in Shanghai last year?1Mr. Yu _____________(teach) us maths since 1982.1They will have a trip to the Great Wall if it _________ (not rain) tomorrow.1Li Ming often _________ (listen) to the radio in the morning.1A: “Father, may I go out and play football?” B: “_____you ____(do) your homework?”1All the people in the town are glad ______(hear) that a famous musician _______(want) very much to see the film, but she couldn’t __(get) a ticket.2I _________(write) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.2Mike ___________(visit) several places since he came to Beijing.2He ___________ (write) four letters to his wife every month.2Don’ t make any noise, Grandma (reach) the station, the train had already left.2There ___________例如：They let the strange 。例如：　　 The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那護士讓我去探望住院的同學(xué)。例如：　　My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧。3. 表示據(jù)說或相信 的詞組，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。例如：　 After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火過后，我家燒得所剩無幾?！　∫胝_地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。例如：　This key just fits the lock. 這把鑰匙只配這把鎖?！?3） 系動詞無被動語態(tài)，如appear, be bee, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等?！?4） 帶同源賓語的及物動詞如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)?！?5） 當賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態(tài)。例如：　　 The book sells well.　　這本書銷路好?！?）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。　　 Much work remains. 還有許多活要干。例如：　　 The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 門該修了。4）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood （使別人能聽見/理解自己）等。6. 被動形式表示主動意義，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等?！　∽⒁猓罕硎就橙私Y(jié)婚，用marry sb. 或get married to 。　　He got married to a rich girl.　　當 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing時，表示的是被動意義?！　　?The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。s better to give than__________ (receive).6. How long ______you_______ (live) in this town?7. You _______ (e) here last year, ______ you?8. When ______ you______ (see) him? I______ (see) him last Sunday.9. She said that the car___________ (use) the next week.10. I didn39。ll telephone us as soon as he _________ (arrive) there.20. Jiefang trucks____________ (make) in Changchun.21. A pen is used for__________ (write).22. All that must ________ (do). 23 .My friend can39。It____________ (not use) yesterday because there was something wrong with it.27. Would please tell us how___________ (make) the watch ________ (work)?28. She doesn39。1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.+ have done 表示“過去本應(yīng)該/可以做而實際上卻沒做”needn’t have done 表示“過去沒必要作而實際上做了”如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, could, should，有時可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語置于were, had, should, could 之后?！敝骶渲^語從句謂語wish時態(tài)謂語動詞的形式現(xiàn)在時表示與wish同時發(fā)生動詞用過去時be動詞用were過去時表示在wish之前發(fā)生的動作動詞用had donebe用had been將來時表示在wish之后發(fā)生的動作動詞用would do。 should be1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.2)I wish I were ten years younger.3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.5)He wishes that we would visit the old school., insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, mand 后的賓語從句中應(yīng)使用虛擬 should +動詞原形； should 不可用would 來替代。 為“建議去做…。1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold. “堅持要去做…，堅持應(yīng)該去做”，從句用should + do為“堅持表明，堅持說/解釋”， 從句用過去時或過去完成時。表語從句中的謂語動詞是should +動詞原型，should 可以省略。其謂語動詞時should + 動詞原型， 或should 省略。 would not takeB. had been warned。 had not takenD. would have been warned。 would have prevented