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詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。 (錯) Myself drove the car. (對) I myself drove the car. 我自己開車?! harles and myself saw it. 5)第二人稱作賓語,要用反身代詞。1)相互代詞只有each other和one another兩個詞組?!?) 相互代詞的句法功能: a. 作動詞賓語; People should love one another. 人們應(yīng)當(dāng)彼此相愛。 說明:傳統(tǒng)語法認(rèn)為,相互關(guān)系存在于兩個人或物之間用each other, 存在于兩個以上人和物之間用one another?! e put all the books beside one another. 他把所有書并列擺放起來?! . 相互代詞可加39。s notes. 學(xué)生們互借筆記?! ?b. 作賓語 I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個甚至那個?! ?d. 作介詞賓語 I don39?! ?There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。( that作主語,指人) (對)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和這個姑娘結(jié)婚。(this指物,可作賓語) 說明2: That和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時,在作先行詞時,只有those可指人,試比較: (對) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。(those指人) (錯) He admired that who danced well.?。╰hat作賓語時不能指人) (對) He admired those who danced well. 他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指物)1) 疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。what所指的范圍是無限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi),例如: Which girls do you like best? 你喜歡哪幾個姑娘? What girls do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的姑娘? 說明2: Whom是who的賓格,在書面語中,它作動詞賓語或介詞賓語,在口語中作賓語時,可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如: Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了誰?(作動詞賓語) Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把這書帶給誰?(作介詞賓語,置句首) To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校園里和誰講話了?(作介詞賓語,置介詞 后,不能用who取代。t make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。1) 關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。(該句中whom既代表先行詞the girl,又在從句中作介詞to的賓語。在限定性定語從句中,that 可指人也可指物,見表: 限定性 非限定性 限定性 指 人 指 物 指人或指物主 格 who which that賓 格 whom that that屬 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose 例如: This is the pencil whose point is broken. 這就是那個折了尖的鉛筆?!。╳hich指物,在限定性定語從句中作賓語,可以省略) 3) 關(guān)系代詞which的先行詞可以是一個句子,例如: He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他說在那兒看到了我,純屬謊言。ve forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我過去懂拉丁語,現(xiàn)在大都忘了。s changed. He39。 , no, all, both, neither, nor1)不定代詞有 all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, 。every和no在句中只能作定語。 all 的主謂一致:all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定?! ll 通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如:不說 all the book,而說 the whole book?! ll還可以與一些特殊的單數(shù)名詞連用,如 all China, all the city, all my life, all the way 3) both 都,指兩者。 b. both, all 都可作同位語,其位置在行為動詞前, be 動詞之后?! ho can speak Japanese? We both (all) can. 4) neither 兩者都不 a. neither作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。其謂語采用就近原則。 She can39?! f you don39?!?e. 如后連續(xù)有幾個否定句式,則用nor,不用neither。t sing,nor dance,nor skate., few, some, any, one, ones一、 none 無 1) none作主語,多與of 構(gòu)成短語 none of。 Are there any pictures on the wall? None. 2) none作主語,謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可?! ?It is none of your business. 二、few 一些,少數(shù) few 作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),多用于肯定句?!?2) 當(dāng)做某一解時,也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。 A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 某些人不同意你的看法?! ?2)some用于其他句式中: a. 肯定疑問句中:說話人認(rèn)為對方的答案會是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時。t been there before. d. 當(dāng)否定的是整體中的部分時,some可用于否定句。t heard from some of my old friends these years. 這些年我沒有收到一些老朋友的信。 當(dāng)句中含有任何的意思時,any可用于肯定句。五、one, ones 為復(fù)數(shù)形式 ones必須和形容詞連用。 Have you bought any rulers? Yes,I 39。that與所指名詞為同類,但不是同一個,而it 與所指名詞為同一個。t find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定) 我找不到我的帽子了?!he hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同類但不同個) 你買的那頂帽子比我買的大。t find my hat. I don39。我不知道我把它放在哪了。 2) 一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物),一個用one,另一個用the other?!?) 一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。“the”的妙用He is one of the students who help me. He is the one of the students who helps me. 他是幫我的學(xué)生之一。 第二句定語從句與the one 一致。2.no one 和none a) none 后跟of短語,既可指人又可指物,而no one只單獨(dú)使用,只指人?! one of you could lift it. 你們中沒有人可舉起它。3.every 和each 1) every 強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念, each強(qiáng)調(diào)個體概念。 Each student may have one book.. 每個學(xué)生都可有一本書。3) every 只作形容詞,不可單獨(dú)使用?! ?Every student has to take one. Each boy has to take one. Each of the boys has to take one.4) every不可以作狀語,each可作狀語。6) every 與not 連用,表示部分否定; each 和not連用表示全部否定?! ach man is not honest. 這兒每個人都不誠實。其位置都在be 動詞之后,行為動詞之前或第一助動詞之后。以上詞使用范圍為兩個人或物。 2) both,either both與復(fù)數(shù)連用,either與單數(shù)連用?!?Either of the two boys is clever. 兩個男孩都很聰明?!?) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一個), none (都不)?!?All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都謝了。t like any of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡?!∽⒁猓篴ll與none用法一樣?! ll of the students are there. 所有的學(xué)生都在那。, muchMany,much都意為許多, many + 可數(shù)名詞,much + 不可數(shù)名詞?!e has a few friends. 他有幾個朋友?!e still have a little time. 我們還有點時間。典型例題: Although he 39。固定搭配: only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many) many a (=many) Many books were sold. Many a book was sold. 賣出了許多書。通常, 可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。例如:hot 熱的。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。例如:afraid 害怕的。3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively, ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞?! ?daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接?! ?the British,the English,the French,the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor.多個形容詞修飾名詞時,其順序為: 限定詞數(shù)詞描繪詞(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) 出處材料性質(zhì),類別名詞 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car典型例題:1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 答案:C。2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old 答案A. 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一、副詞的位置:1) 在動詞之前?!?3) 多個助動詞時,副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副詞well,badly糟、壞,hard等只放在句尾。2) 方式副詞,短的在前,長的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。注意:副詞very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動詞?! ?I d