【正文】 freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be...5．The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century.6．The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes. still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.7．The grand mediocrity of todayeveryone being the same in survival and number of off springmeans that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in uppermiddleclass India pared to the tribe.8．But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since welldeveloped skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.9．While warnings are often appropriate and necessarythe dangers of drug interactions, for exampleand many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.10．This developmentand its strong implication for US politics and economy in years aheadhas enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.八 比較結(jié)構(gòu)：1．For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good liftgrowing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into oneas a personal recognition of your limitations.2．A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man .3．Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. 4．Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWsthe locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.5．Surely there is no more manding moral imperative for people in the west than to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest九 強(qiáng)調(diào)：1．Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their ines, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. 十 倒裝：1．Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.2．Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of ing disaster, a successful lawsuit might pensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more panies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.3．Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional petition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.4．With economic growth has e centralization: fully 76 percent of Japans 119 million citizens live in cities where munity and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, towgeneration households.5．Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.十一 省略和簡潔：1．In 1992,the United nations environmental programme and the world Health Organization (WHO) concluded that all of a sample of twenty mega cities –places likey to more than ten million inhabitants in at least one major pollutant . Twothird of them exceeded the guidelines for two, seven for three or more.2．No clearcut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word amateur does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific munity and, in particular, may not share its values.3．If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared。2．參考譯文：那些能夠形象地描述事物和勾畫出無數(shù)模式的能力是如何讓一個(gè)人能夠回答那些最好的詩人和哲學(xué)家都能不能回答的問題的，這一點(diǎn)還不是很明顯。4．參考譯文：在過去的20多年時(shí)間里，那些曾經(jīng)依靠辛勤工作和公平競爭就可以保證自己財(cái)政收支安全的美國中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和新的現(xiàn)實(shí)所改變。沒有什么比這更遠(yuǎn)離實(shí)際情況的了。7．參考譯文：有些因此可能會(huì)逃過一劫，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)沒有用帶誘餌的魚鉤抓它們，這樣就低估了過去的魚的儲(chǔ)量。9．[參考譯文] 很自然，這種趨勢會(huì)在尤以數(shù)學(xué)或?qū)嶒?yàn)室訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的自然學(xué)科領(lǐng)域中表現(xiàn)的最為明顯，并且可以用英國的地質(zhì)學(xué)發(fā)展作例證來說明。11．[參考譯文] 它把對(duì)疼痛的治療不足和盲目積極使用有可能延長死亡時(shí)間甚至讓死亡過程蒙羞的無效并且強(qiáng)迫性的醫(yī)療手段視為生命臨終醫(yī)護(hù)的兩個(gè)問題。13．[參考譯文] 這些發(fā)現(xiàn)又更加證實(shí)了這個(gè)理論：亞馬遜地區(qū)從長期的農(nóng)業(yè)耕作中恢復(fù)的非常好以至于長期以來好幾代生物學(xué)家都把這些再生的地方錯(cuò)誤的當(dāng)成是原始森林。二、并列結(jié)構(gòu)：1．參考譯文：他們的研究方法并不是想估計(jì)出某些特定地區(qū)的實(shí)際生物量（活的生物總量），而是估計(jì)出這些生物量隨著時(shí)間發(fā)生的變化。3．參考譯文：而一名頂級(jí)權(quán)威認(rèn)為，這些極其強(qiáng)烈的大腦活動(dòng)不僅可以被抑制，實(shí)際上還可以受到意識(shí)的控制，進(jìn)而幫助我們睡眠，使我們感覺好一些。5．[參考譯文] 但是人類的頭腦可以只迅速地瞟一眼一個(gè)快速改變的場面，然后立刻放棄98％的不相關(guān)部分，而馬上聚焦于一條崎嶇森林道路邊的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一張可疑的臉。8．[參考譯文] 我認(rèn)為巨大的并購浪潮背后的最重要的推動(dòng)力同時(shí)也就是促進(jìn)全球化進(jìn)程的那方基石：即降低交通運(yùn)輸成本，逐漸減少貿(mào)易投資壁壘，以及大幅度拓展市場，這些都要求更大規(guī)模的經(jīng)營管理以滿足消費(fèi)者需求。10．[參考譯文] 相反，我們看到了這樣一些虛偽的壯觀景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時(shí)候都更供應(yīng)充足：美國式物質(zhì)主義的批判者卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊：激進(jìn)書籍的出版商卻在三星級(jí)餐廳享用一日三餐；倡導(dǎo)在人生各個(gè)階段實(shí)施參與式民主的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學(xué)校。12．[參考譯文] 審查者完全有理由相信，知道自己準(zhǔn)備做什么、怎么做的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因?yàn)楸仨氁恢谎鄱⒅浙y機(jī)，另一只眼盯著顯微鏡而分散了注意力。14．[參考譯文] 像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon．這樣的先驅(qū)網(wǎng)站表明，一個(gè)將交互性、服務(wù)性和安全性合理結(jié)合，且銷售正確產(chǎn)品的網(wǎng)站是可以吸引來網(wǎng)上客戶的。2．[參考譯文] 在上個(gè)月的股東大會(huì)上關(guān)于搖滾歌詞的討論中，萊文宣稱說：“音樂不是社會(huì)問題的原因”，他甚至還以他的兒子為例。3．[參考譯文] 盡管最高法院已經(jīng)裁定出醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺行為并不受憲法的支持，但最高法院實(shí)際上支持了被稱為雙重效果的醫(yī)療原則；這個(gè)已有幾個(gè)世紀(jì)歷史的道德原則認(rèn)為一個(gè)行為可能會(huì)有兩個(gè)效果一個(gè)想要達(dá)到的好的效果和一個(gè)已經(jīng)預(yù)見到的有害的效果。5．[參考譯文] 這樣一來總的結(jié)果便是業(yè)余愛好者想在專業(yè)地質(zhì)學(xué)期刊上發(fā)表文章就更難了，而被廣泛使用的論文評(píng)審?fù)扑]制度又進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了這一結(jié)果，該種制度先是出現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)的國家級(jí)刊物上，后又在20世紀(jì)，被幾家地方級(jí)地質(zhì)學(xué)刊物所使用。7．[參考譯文] 這樣巨大而非個(gè)人的對(duì)資金和產(chǎn)業(yè)的操縱極大地增加了股東的數(shù)量和他們作為一個(gè)階級(jí)的重要性，他們是國家生活中代表不負(fù)責(zé)任的財(cái)富的一個(gè)因素，這種財(cái)富不但遠(yuǎn)離了土地和土地?fù)碛姓叩呢?zé)任，而且?guī)缀跬瑯优c公司的負(fù)責(zé)任的管理毫無關(guān)系。2．參考譯文：但科學(xué)的確能為我們的將來提供最好的指導(dǎo)，而且最關(guān)鍵的是，關(guān)于現(xiàn)在采取的行動(dòng)將來會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么樣的結(jié)果，科學(xué)是能夠做出很好的判斷的，我們的國家乃至整個(gè)世界也應(yīng)該將我們重要的政策置于這樣的判斷之上