【正文】 (cognitive perspective)來看，經(jīng)驗(yàn)是想象力的基礎(chǔ) 突破固有經(jīng)驗(yàn) 重組固有經(jīng)驗(yàn) 兩者同等重要 反思 主觀：想象力 客觀：基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)的認(rèn)知規(guī)律 客觀強(qiáng)調(diào)存在 主觀強(qiáng)調(diào)超越（ transcendentalism） 對(duì)于比較類型的題目，如： Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. 可以談兩者同等重要 客觀規(guī)律 主觀能動(dòng) 存在論 主觀存在 與 客觀存在 理想與現(xiàn)實(shí) 二重人性 客觀存在的主觀性 例題 The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. 文章結(jié)構(gòu) topic Introduction thesis statement Body argumentation subpoint 1 + supporting details subpoint 2 + supporting details subpoint 3 + supporting details Concession Conclusion 思路 Body 現(xiàn)代生活中的奢侈品和便利品的確讓人們變得脆弱 奢侈品 人開始變成物品的努力，物品開始衡量人的社會(huì)地位 便利品 個(gè)人帶來的其實(shí)是更多的麻煩 奢侈品和便利品關(guān)鍵看使用者如何去看待他們 內(nèi)心脆弱的人們往往是為了占有，而內(nèi)心原本就很強(qiáng)大的人，這些現(xiàn)代性的東西只是體驗(yàn) 反思 ? 心外無物 ? 任何既成的事實(shí)都是在人腦中的映像 ? Inner heart decides outer world ? 奢侈品和便利品關(guān)鍵看 使用者如何去看待他們 練習(xí) The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people39。 tomorrow is mystery。 道德存于經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)間的剛性表現(xiàn)便是法律，法律具有底線性（是最后的擋箭牌） 例題 Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the wellbeing of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. 文章結(jié)構(gòu) topic Introduction thesis statement Body view 1 Subpoint 1 +supporting details subpoint 2 + supporting details view 2 Subpoint 3 +supporting details Subpoint 4 +supporting details Conclusion 思路 Corporations, by nature, seek the utmost profitability, and laws just merely restrain the merce from breaking the most bottom line of society ? Profitseeking is the initial driving force of merce ? The prosperity of merce nurtures the human society Profitseeking sometimes misleads corporations into misdeeds that even laws cannot prevent ? Laws have flaws Business integrity should be advocated along with the implementation of laws. ? Morality beyond profitseeking mend the flaws of laws and human unstrained lust ? Morality ensures more consensus amongst business entities and individuals, which will give rise to more profitgaining. 反思 人類最樸素的行為驅(qū)動(dòng)力來自于生存需求和更好的生存需求； 這些需求如果不加以法律的限定將對(duì)整個(gè)人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展造成惡劣影響 而人類在生存需求滿足的前提之下，會(huì)有發(fā)展需求，進(jìn)而演化出了宗教與道德 道德往往是無力的，因?yàn)闆]有強(qiáng)制性 道德往往是有力的，因?yàn)橹敝溉祟悆?nèi)心中的高尚 例題 If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. 文章結(jié)構(gòu) topic Introduction thesis statement Body argumentation subpoint 1 + supporting details subpoint 2 + supporting details subpoint 3 + supporting details Concession Conclusion 思路 Ends justify means ? In real life, even against such utilitarianism and piratical behaviors, we are still consciously or unconsciously the acplice with such logic ? People’s behaviors are motivated by interests, and interests, as the end, only favor the means that can generate maximum Worthy goals should not be only basic survival concerns, but also morality that truly makes us human ? Means in this case should also answer the summon from the ends, but in a moral and noble fashion When goals are only interestoriented, it is important to take the legitimacy of means into consideration to reassure that the noble human aristocracy is not contaminated 例題 To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. 文章結(jié)構(gòu) topic Introduction thesis statement Body argumentation subpoint 1 + supporting details subpoint 2 + supporting details subpoint 3 + supporting details Concession Conclusion 思路 An effective leader should maintain highest moral standards ? A political system built on morality and trustworthiness is costeffective ? Society as a whole progress to the ideal direction The leader, as a person, cannot be trusted to exercise highest moral standards ? A impersonal system is a must to reassure that the best part of a human’s heart is wellprotected and encouraged Politics, as a ground famous for its muddiness and chaos, is not the field to only emphasize on morality ? The essence of politics is nothing about the struggle for power and balance of interest ? Political craftsmanship is also needed to survive 反思 政治和道德不能混為一談 有道德的政治是理想化的 現(xiàn)實(shí)中的道德政治是為了更好的獲得利益最大化 道德需要法律予以確認(rèn) 社會(huì)組織架構(gòu)（個(gè)人不他者） 公德還是私德 ？ 大家如何看待王功權(quán)的私奔一事 JeanPaul Sartre: The hell is others (他人就是地獄 ) Feuerbach ：