細胞信號轉(zhuǎn)導與腫瘤-閱讀頁
2025-02-05 13:57本頁面
【正文】 TGF? (Transforming Growth Factor?), EPO (Erythropoietin), NGF (Nerve Growth Factor), IGF (Insulinlike Growth Factor), TPO (Thrombopoietin) 2. Cytokines IFN? (Interferon ?), IFN ? (Interferon ?), TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor), Interleukins (1, 2, 3, 4…) 3. Death molecules Fas 4. Adhesion molecules Cadherins, Adhesin… 5. Hormone Insulin 6. Stress Signal Transducing Receptors 1. Transmembrane receptors that have intrinsic enzymatic activity. —— Autophosphorylation —— Phosphorylation of other substrates A) Tyrosine kinases: PDGFR, insulinR, EGFR and FGFR B) Tyrosine phosphatases: . CD45 C) Guanylate cyclases: . natriuretic peptide receptors) D) Serine/Threonine kinases: activin and TGF? receptors 2. Receptors that are coupled, inside the cell, to GTPbinding and hydrolyzing proteins (Gproteins). ., adrenergic receptors, odorant receptors, and certain hormone receptors (. glucagon, angiotensin, vasopressin and bradykinin). 3. Receptors that are found intracellularly and upon ligand binding migrate to the nucleus where the ligandreceptor plex directly affects gene transcription ., STAT1, 3, 4, 5, 6… (Signal transducer and activator of transcription ) 4. Simple receptors: ., ionchannels that lead to changes in membrane electric potential 信號轉(zhuǎn)導過程中的生物化學 ? 磷酸化反應（酪氨酸激酶、絲 /蘇氨酸激酶） ?蛋白質(zhì)構(gòu)象改變 ? 去磷酸化反應（磷酸酶） ? 受體或其他信號轉(zhuǎn)導分子的聚體化 Signal Transducers ? Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) contains: ?An extracellular ligand binding domain. ?An intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. ?An intracellular regulatory domain. ?A transmembrane domain. Tyrosine phosphorylation Interact with and phosphorylate Src homology domain 2 (SH2)containing proteins (., PLC?, Ras, PI3K, etc) Phosphorylate other kinases phosphorylate proteins, which upon phosphorylated, can enter the nuclear and bind DNA regulatory regions. Class Examples Structural Features of Class I EGF receptor, NEU/HER2, HER3 cysteinerich sequences II insulin receptor, IGF1 receptor cysteinerich sequences。 characterized by disulfidelinked heterotetramers III PDGF receptors, cKit contain 5 immunoglobulinlike domains。 acidic domain V vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor contain 7 immunoglobulinlike domains as well as the kinase insert domain VI hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and scatter factor (SC) receptors heterodimeric like the class II receptors except that one of the two protein subunits is pletely extracellular. The HGF receptor is a protooncogene that was originally identified as the Met oncogene VII neurotrophin receptor family (trkA, trkB, trkC) and NGF receptor contain no or few cysteinerich domains。N, glioma… 2) TGF? receptor (type II): lung, Hamp。 1 Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 100216399, USA 2 Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 100216399, USA 3 The Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA Received 30 March 19
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