【正文】 4 存在問題與發(fā)展建議 通過引進國外技術(shù)，中國建成了一套 30kt/a 的丁基橡膠生產(chǎn)裝置，并且通過近幾年的不斷努力，實現(xiàn)了安全平穩(wěn)生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)量不斷提高，在國內(nèi)市場中所占的份 額逐漸擴大，在一定程度上滿足了國內(nèi)實際生產(chǎn)的需求。目前中國丁基橡膠的生產(chǎn)能力只有 30kt/a，遠低于其經(jīng)濟規(guī)模 50kt/a 的生產(chǎn)水平，更低于 Exxon 公司和 Bayer 公司 70kt/a 以上的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，造成生產(chǎn)成本相對較高，產(chǎn)品自給率只有 30%左右，在國際市場中缺乏競爭力； （ 2）技術(shù)力度開發(fā)不夠，品種牌號仍顯單一。目前，中國生產(chǎn)的丁基橡膠產(chǎn)品在粘連、黃變、產(chǎn)品批次、揮發(fā)分以及門尼值波動幅度等方面還存在在一些問題，還有待提高； （ 4）產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用范圍較小。 為了使中國丁基橡膠工業(yè)快速健康發(fā)展，建議： （ 1）提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，節(jié)省能耗和物耗，以提高產(chǎn)品在市場中的競爭力。針對目前中國丁基橡膠產(chǎn)品存在的問題，應(yīng)該加大技改力度，不斷改善產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，把用戶的要求作為產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的標準；加大節(jié)能降耗力度，降低生產(chǎn)成本，使產(chǎn)品在國內(nèi)市場上更具有競爭力。另外，除了加大丁基橡膠在輪胎內(nèi)胎用膠的需求外，還應(yīng)積極開發(fā)丁基橡膠的非內(nèi)胎用膠市場。目前，中國丁基橡膠的產(chǎn)量僅能滿足國內(nèi)需求量的三分之一左右，今后隨著需求量的增加，滿足率還可能更低，因此建議有條件的企業(yè) 14 可以考慮新建 1~2套 50kt/a 以上規(guī)模的生產(chǎn)裝置，以滿足國內(nèi)實際生產(chǎn)的需求。鹵化丁基橡膠在丁基橡膠中占有重要的地位，隨著中國子午線輪胎、無內(nèi)胎輪胎以及醫(yī)藥瓶塞等應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用技術(shù)的發(fā)展，國內(nèi)對鹵化丁基橡膠的需求量將越來越大。 （ 5）加強應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究，提高服務(wù)意識和水平。同時，建立一支專家型營銷隊伍，為實現(xiàn)丁基橡膠 “ 市場 開發(fā) 生產(chǎn) 市場 ” 的良性循環(huán)奠定基礎(chǔ)。在滿足國內(nèi)需求的前提下，應(yīng)積極擴大向國際市場的出口，尤其是要加大向 韓國等 東南亞地區(qū)國家的出口，以便為今后丁基橡膠參與國際競爭奠定基礎(chǔ)。2 ． [4] 安靜． 浙江信匯合成新材料有限公司在嘉興建 50kt／ aIIR 裝 [ J ].《石油化工》 2021， 38(4)： 378． [5] 劉川 2 0 0 9 年合成橡膠生產(chǎn)縱覽 [ J ] ． 《合成橡膠信息》， 2021.(1)：5 [6] 崔明． 丁基橡膠 (1751)長三角地區(qū)價格走勢 [EB／ OL] ．中國化工在線網(wǎng)， 2021— 03— 21． 15 致謝 大學(xué)三年學(xué)習(xí)時光已經(jīng)接近尾聲，在此我想對我的母校，我的父母、親人們，我的老師和同學(xué)們表達我由衷的謝意。老師們可嘆上的激情洋溢，課堂下的諄諄教誨；同學(xué)們在學(xué)習(xí)中的認真熱情，生活上的熱心 主動，所有這些都讓我的三年充滿了感動。在我離校實習(xí)的期間，車老師仍然不忘我的畢業(yè)論文，聯(lián)系他的朋友就近指導(dǎo)我，讓我感到深切的感動；我做畢業(yè)設(shè)計的每個階段，從選題到查閱資料，論文提綱的確定，中期論文的修改，后期論文格式調(diào)整等各個環(huán)節(jié)中都給予了我悉心的指導(dǎo)。 同時，本篇論文的寫作也得到了陳永恒、許小剛等同學(xué)的熱情幫助。 ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the uping Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the remended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of geous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the country39。s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese 17 will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for pany. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang39。 Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to bee pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentine39。s Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valenti