【正文】 C．縱向分立 D．單向分立 答案： BC 21．評(píng)價(jià)組織成員激勵(lì)程度的方法包括 答案 ： ABC 22．克服組織變革阻力的措施 18 答案： ACD 23. 組織變革模式的變量 B．任務(wù) C．技術(shù) D．人群 ABCD 24. 柔性化表現(xiàn)為 A．集權(quán)與分權(quán)的統(tǒng)一 B．穩(wěn)定和變革的統(tǒng)一 C．集中和分散的統(tǒng)一 D．傳統(tǒng)和創(chuàng)新的統(tǒng)一 答案： AB 25. 在勒溫的變革程序模式中，強(qiáng)化的方式包括 A．直接強(qiáng)化 B．連續(xù)強(qiáng) 化 C．?dāng)嗬m(xù)強(qiáng)化 D．間接強(qiáng)化 答案： BC 26. 組織變革的內(nèi)在動(dòng)因包括 B．管理現(xiàn)代化的需要 C．組織職能的改變 D．組織成員內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)與需求的變化 答案： ACDE 27. 在卡斯特的變革程序模式中，組織變革的環(huán)節(jié)包括 A．覺(jué)察問(wèn)題 B．實(shí)行變革 C．分析問(wèn)題并提出解決問(wèn)題的方案 D．回顧和反省 答案： ABCDE 三、判斷改錯(cuò) 、用以 幫助達(dá)到組織目標(biāo)的信息溝通、權(quán)力、責(zé)任、利益和正規(guī)體制。 “分散管理，獨(dú)立經(jīng)營(yíng)，各自為政，消化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”的管理原則。 。 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和組織績(jī)效影響不大。 。 ： C 因素、 P 因素、 S 因素。 。 。 18．目標(biāo)管理是管理者對(duì)下屬為工作績(jī)效和個(gè)人發(fā)展確定目標(biāo)的過(guò)程。 ，職能管理系統(tǒng)中的職能人員是直線指揮人員的參謀和助手。 ，事業(yè)部制是在其基本管理原則“集中政策，分散經(jīng)營(yíng)”的指導(dǎo)下，在總公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，按照產(chǎn)品或地區(qū)將組織結(jié)構(gòu)劃分為許多事業(yè)部。 19 ， 部門化是指對(duì)所分工的工作的合理組合，也就是將工作和人員組編成可管理的單位。 。 。 ， 學(xué)習(xí)型組織采用全面質(zhì)量管理進(jìn)行不斷改進(jìn) ， 組織結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整與完善是現(xiàn)代組織變革的內(nèi)部原因之一 。 三、判斷改錯(cuò)題 ：關(guān)心任務(wù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者在 “ 不利的 ” 或 “ 有利的 ” 情況下，將是最有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。例如有人認(rèn)為在生產(chǎn)部門中，效率與 “ 組織 ” 之間的關(guān)系成反比，而與 “ 關(guān)心人 ” 的關(guān)系成正比。 ：很難判斷哪種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式是正確的、哪種方式是錯(cuò)誤的，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況，考慮各種因素選擇某種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行為。 ，但是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的過(guò)程總是在一定的歷史條件下進(jìn)行的，所以隨著時(shí)代的變遷和發(fā)展，對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的素質(zhì)也會(huì)提出新的要求。 ， 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的特性和品質(zhì)是先天遺傳的，是不可以通過(guò)教育訓(xùn)練培養(yǎng)的。 ，使全體人員充滿信心。 ，在與別人交往中往往容易獲得別人 的尊重和服從，容易使人們自覺(jué)地接受他的影響。改為：四分圖理論認(rèn)為，哪種行為效果好結(jié)論是不肯定的。 對(duì) 對(duì) 錯(cuò)．改為：能力是知識(shí)和智慧的體現(xiàn)，能力來(lái)源于學(xué)習(xí)、實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。改為：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)個(gè)人的才智、管理能力、首創(chuàng)性、自信以及個(gè)性等與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的有效性有重要關(guān)系。改為：現(xiàn)代特性理論認(rèn)為，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的特性和品質(zhì)是實(shí)踐中形成的，是可以通過(guò)教育訓(xùn)練培養(yǎng)的。改為：集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與個(gè)人分工負(fù)責(zé)相結(jié)合的原則主要是指工作中重大問(wèn)題要由領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子集體討論和決定，決定時(shí)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行少數(shù)服從多數(shù)的原則；集體決定的事情就要分頭去做，各負(fù)其責(zé)，失職者要追究責(zé)任。s 10 mustsee animations】 The Chinese animation industry has seen considerable growth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 mustsee classics from China39。s recall these colorful images that brought the country great joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫蘆娃 ) is a Chinese animation TV series produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation industry was in a relatively downed state pared to the rest of the international munity. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of papercut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑貓警長(zhǎng) ) is a Chinese animation television series produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2021, a rebroadc asting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series39。s education. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi Effendi, meaning sir and teacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The hero39。t want to steal food like other mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they cofounded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Although there are only 13 episodes in this series, the content is very pact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Book, (Chinese: 天書奇談 ) also referred to as Legend of the Sealed Book or Tales about the Heavenly Book, was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid bination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic literature Ping Yao Zhuan, meaning The Suppression of the Demons by Feng Menglong. Yuangong, the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the book39。s law. In order to pass this holy book to human beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinese painting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowded markets, which fully demonstrate the unique beauty of China39。s feud with Nezha over his son39。s trip to the West to take the Buddhistic sutra. They met a white bone evil, and the evil transformed human appearances three times to seduce the monk. Twice Monkey King recognized it and brought it down. The monk was unable to recognize the monster and expelled Sun Wukong. Xuan Zang was then captured by the monster. Fortunately Bajie, another apprentice of Xuan Zang, escaped and persuaded the Monkey King to e rescue the monk. Finally, Sun kills the evil and saves Xuan Zang. The outstanding animation has received a variety of awards, including the 6th Hundred Flowers Festival Award and the Chicago International Childr