【正文】
,不為桀亡??天不為人之惡寒而輟廣 ,地不為人之惡遠(yuǎn)也輟??萬(wàn)物各得其和以生 ,各得其養(yǎng)以成。天論》) 另一方面 ,《考工記》又指出 :人盡管不能左右大自然(即“天”) ,但人可以在認(rèn)識(shí)、協(xié)調(diào)大自然因素的前提下 ,發(fā)揮自己的主觀能動(dòng)性“制天命而用之” ,利用自然規(guī)律改造自然界 ,來(lái)為人類謀福利,這就是“考工記”提出的“工巧”之造物原則。如“弓人為弓” ,強(qiáng)凋“取六材必以其時(shí)” ,即“冬析干而春液角 ,夏治筋 ,秋合三材 ,寒奠體?!泵鞔_提出了根據(jù)春 夏秋冬季節(jié)的不同而制作弓箭不同部位(干、角、筋、體)從而達(dá)到“和合”的要求。如“輿人為車” ,其用材講究“直者如生焉 ,繼者如附焉。強(qiáng)調(diào)制車配料應(yīng)如樹枝附干一樣堅(jiān)實(shí)可靠?!皵剌炛?,必矩其陰陽(yáng) ,陽(yáng)也者 ,稹理而堅(jiān) :陰也者 ,疏理而柔。從這類記述中我們可看出古人用材是極具科學(xué)性的。在《輪人》與《廬人》等篇中亦多次對(duì)技藝高超的工匠譽(yù)以“國(guó)工”(即國(guó)家級(jí)名匠)的稱號(hào) ,如“輪人為蓋 ,良蓋弗冒弗紱 ,殷畝而馳 ,不隊(duì) (通“墜” )謂之國(guó)工。諸如此類 ,都說(shuō)明了古代社會(huì)對(duì)工巧的重視及對(duì)巧工的推崇。如“ 車舟 人為 車舟 ”篇強(qiáng)調(diào)制 作合度的車 車舟 (即曲轅)的要求 :“欲弧而無(wú)折 ,經(jīng)而不絕。終日馳騁 ,左不楗 :行數(shù)千里 ,馬不契需 :終歲御 ,衣衽不敝 ,為 車舟 之和也。這則二千多年前的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)己體現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)代社會(huì)“人體工程學(xué)”的設(shè)計(jì)主張 ,反映出我國(guó)古代社會(huì)充滿人文關(guān)懷的“人性化”設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格。人類語(yǔ)言中第一次出現(xiàn)了“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”這個(gè)詞匯 ,并且成為關(guān)系到人類能否長(zhǎng)久生存在地球上的嚴(yán)峻問(wèn)題。中國(guó)現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)也能藉此理念 ,在一個(gè)開(kāi)放的 ,共生的 , 動(dòng)態(tài)的和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的良性生態(tài)環(huán)境下取得更長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。 A Quest For Craftsmanships Xiaoping ( SouthCentral University for Nationalities,Wuhan Hubei,430074) Abstract: Whether in the history of ancient Chinese scriptures, or in the history of traditional handicraft design and science and technology, the ancient book on handicrafts: A Quest For Craftsmanships occupies a significant place. This thesis centers on some specific theoretic explanations and illustrations on the handicrafttechnology, artistry procedure, plete production management and construction system of the AnteQin Dynasty, as recorded by this amazing masterpiece. The aesthetic ideas as stated in this ancient scripture such as: “Suitable for its nature, in accord with its environment, using skillful artistry, selecting ideal materials — these four factors bined, then you can create immaculate pieces of work..” and the directing significance and value of these ideas in the domain of modern Artistic Design will be further discussed. Key words: A Quest For Craftsmanships, Traditional Design, Modern Design