【正文】 sudden/ steady/ gradual/ slow/ slight) rise (increase/ decrease/ decline/ fall/ drop) in … … be on the rise (increase/ decline) 4 . “結(jié)尾 ” 段落中的常用句型 In my opinion, … Personally, I … In short/ In brief, … In conclusion, … As far as I?m concerned, … To conclude, it seems clear that … 模擬練習(xí)（ 1） ? 國學(xué)熱 Sinology Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of “The rehabilitation of Sinology”. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below： 近年來，國學(xué)變得流行 國學(xué)熱的意義是什么 我們應(yīng)該 … 文章寫作思路： 現(xiàn)象描述 +意義闡述 +個(gè)人評(píng)論 第一段： (主題句： )In recent years, Chinese traditional culture, as Sinology, has bee increasingly prevalent.(舉例法擴(kuò)展段落： exemplification) For instance, it is reported that many primary and secondary schools have set up courses of sinology, in which students are taught and required to recite classical work by Chinese ancient educators and philosophers, like Confucius. (或者以百家講壇為例進(jìn)行說明： A good illustration is CCTV Lecture Room, where famous scholars, such as Yi Zhongtian and Yudan, give lectures on Chinese ancient philosophies and literatures.) 第二段： (主題句 )It is of vital significance for the public to acquire knowledge on Sinology. (起 )For one thing, it is the essence of Chinese civilization with more than 5000 years. Thus, for individuals, they can enlarge their scope of knowledge, enrich their experience and adapt themselves to the plicated society. (承 )For another, the rehabilitation of Sinology can contribute to a harmonious society. 第三段： (主題句 )It is highly expected that all Chinese people – young and old should inherit the merits of Sinology. Therefore,(起 ) in the first place, we are welladvised to read books by ourselves or to attend lectures on this issue.(承 ) In the second place, we have the obligation to advocate and encourage others to learn. Then, it is necessary for us to introduce Sinology to the world. By doing so, not only can we inherit it, but also make it glorious and prosperous. 模擬練習(xí)（ 2） ? 低碳生活 Lowcarbon Life Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of “Lowcarbon Life”. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below： 低碳生活方式受到人們的歡迎 低碳生活的意義 我們應(yīng)該 …… ? Recently, lowcarbon bees a highfrequency and fashionable word which gets the greatest concern in the world. Lowcarbon life means a kind of lifestyle in which people do their best to reduce energy consumption and carbon greenhouse gas emissions. ? It is of vital importance for the whole world to practice the lowcarbon lifestyle. Firstly, our natural resources and energy are limited。由于指代不符或不確而造成的錯(cuò)句在寫作中是常見的，應(yīng)該注意以下幾種情況 ? 1．代詞與前述詞的人稱或數(shù)不符 ? Students who wish to take linguistics are asked to sign his name on a sheet of paper. ? 代詞 his應(yīng)改為 their， 與前述詞 students保持復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱的一致。 ? ? People have tried to fight against the influence of TV mercials, but it often proves useless. ? 代詞 it 在本句中并不指代前面的單數(shù)名詞influence，而是指 to fight against the influence of TV mercials （反對(duì)電視商業(yè)廣告）的這種努力，因此應(yīng)將 it的意義具體化， ? 此句可改為： People have tried to fight against the influence of TV mercials, but this effort often proves useless. ? one 和 you用于指代意義時(shí)的不同 ? If one wants to excel in athletics, you should watch your diet. ? 此句應(yīng)把代詞 one和 you的使用統(tǒng)一起來，有兩種改法： ? If one wants to excel in athletics, he should watch his diet. ? If you want to excel in athletics, you should watch your diet. ? 一般的規(guī)則是：用于泛指意義時(shí)， 常用 he (him, his)，用于特定意義時(shí)才用 you (you, your)。一般都出現(xiàn)在句子的句首，用作狀語。判斷該詞組是否為垂懸修飾語的基本原則是看它邏輯意義上的主語是否與所在句子的主語相一致，如不一致，該狀語就成了垂懸修飾語，試以下面二句為例： ? Hearing a number of amusing stories, our visit was thoroughly enjoyable. ? To remain healthy, a balanced diet is important. 在第一句，狀語 hearing a number of amusing stories的邏輯主語并非句子主語our visit， 第二句中狀語 to remain healthy與句子主語 a balanced diet在邏輯意義也不一致。如： ? Hearing a number of amusing stories, we thoroughly enjoyed our visit. ? To remain healthy, one needs a balanced diet. ? 2．修改垂懸修飾語部分，使其在邏輯上符合主句意義。這種結(jié)構(gòu)能使句子顯得嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明，增強(qiáng)感染力。如： ? 1）誤： Knowing how to study and learn to budget time is important for university students. 用 and連接的兩個(gè)并列 主語分別為動(dòng)名詞和不定式短語，詞性不一致，不是平行結(jié)構(gòu)。 ? 2． 用于連接并列成分的連接詞除 and 外，常見的還有 either...or..., neither...nor..., both...and..., not only...but also...等復(fù)合連詞，但必須注意其連接部分的詞性成分必須相一致。an. ? 連接成分不一致，前者為不定式短語，后者為名詞。an. ? 連接成分相一致，都為介詞短語，用作狀語。an. ? 連接成分相一致，都為名詞，用作名詞 in的賓語。 ? 1）誤： Jogging is a more vigorous exercise than to play golf. ? 正： Jogging is a more vigorous exercise than playing golf. ? Jogging 與 playing相一致，都為動(dòng)名詞，