法學(xué)專業(yè)外文翻譯新聞自由與司法獨(dú)立的沖突與平衡-法律法學(xué)-閱讀頁
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【正文】 ry encroachment upon rights expressly stipulated for in the Constitution by the Declaration of Rights. Bad experiences led to an emerging conviction in many countries that guarantees had to be provided against the kind of governmental action that would diminish the independence of the courts: the dismissal or suspension of judges who delivered unpalatable decisions。 leaving unfilled judicial vacancies so that courts could not properly perform their functions。 lopping the pensions, salaries and other benefits so as to intimidate judges and to divert them from the lawful, honest and principled actions required by the proper discharge of their functions. Although there have certainly been cases of judicial weakness, partiality, cowardice and corruption (symbolized most vividly by Judge Roland Frailer who did Hitler39。s decision. The Court unanimously declared the law. It affirmed the subpoena. The President obeyed. He then promptly resigned from office. More recently, in Clinton v Jones , President Clinton claimed immunity until the expiry of his term as President from proceedings in court brought against him by Ms Paula Jones. Unanimously, the Supreme Court dismissed his petition. It was held that it would be an abuse of discretion for the District Court to defer the trial because in doing so, it would fail to take into account the interests of the individual citizen to bring her case to trial which could be held without impinging on the President39。馬克弗里曼的書 將文章的 重點(diǎn)放在真相委員會(huì) 的 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 上 ，唯一問題也許 是 審查 用來 判斷這些 成果的 適當(dāng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和原則 的 持久 效力 。因此，他不將嚴(yán)格的法律分析 帶入 一個(gè) 現(xiàn) 已基本運(yùn)作周邊 的 法律領(lǐng)域 ；而且，作為一個(gè) 為 過渡時(shí)期 正義而奮斗的 最大的國(guó)際組織成員，他帶來 了自己內(nèi)心 的 智慧 。這本書 與其說是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù) 的 論文，不如說它是一本 手冊(cè)，即使判例法和二次文獻(xiàn)提供了一些 數(shù)據(jù) 。本書給出了 專用的一章 來說明一個(gè)真相委員會(huì)應(yīng)注意的問題 。這些原則包括獨(dú)立性 和 公正性 ， 問責(zé)制 ，資格， 不歧視 ，透明 度 ，相稱性 ， 尊嚴(yán)，無障礙和誠(chéng)意。他還提出了 真相委員會(huì) 受一些 實(shí)際情況的 影響 ，如時(shí)間 限制 ，資源 短缺 和 疑難案件 。弗里曼的 著作在此意義逐漸完成 ，但 它卻依然 沒有回答的基本問題：什么是這些機(jī)構(gòu) 的 最終目標(biāo) 。 此外， 本書 考慮 了 真相委員會(huì)在相對(duì)孤立于其他機(jī)構(gòu)和過 渡時(shí)期 的正義形態(tài) ，如刑事審判中， 為了 影響 了公正 的含義 ， 弗里曼避免了一些最復(fù)雜的程序性問題 。這本書還 從政治上來講述 管理， 解決疑難問題。可以說， 承認(rèn) 具有普遍適用性 的 最低限度的程序， 是讓 全球法治 可 持續(xù) 發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ) 。 10 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯原文 Truth Commissions and Procedural Fairness， Mark Freeman Ernst C. Stiefel ， Professor of Comparative Law Cambridge University Press, August 2020, 422pp In the last decade academic writing on transitional justice has proliferated, but scholarly attempts to evaluate real world responses to dealing with the wrongs of the past and building postconflict societies are a more recent phenomenon. Of the works that focus on experiences with truth missions, Mark Freeman39。 and, moreover, as a member of the largest international organization working on transitional justice, he brings the view of someone with inside knowledge. The perspective presented here is that of a practicing lawyer, with corresponding strengths and weaknesses. The book reads as a manual rather than an academic text, even though case law and secondary literature are given some play. The book is divided into sections each of which usefully canvases a variety of different questions, including what is referred to as the five ponents of truth missions’ work that bear directly on procedural fairness: the hearings themselves。 the use of subpoena powers。 it could apply to virtually any quasijudicial or public legal body and does not seem related to systematic reflection on the aims and purposes of truth missions. In this sense Freeman3
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