【正文】 An estimated $128 billion is wasted in software projects each year. Approximately 30 percent of every dollar spent on projects is rework! All rights reserved. Major Reasons for Project Failure 1. Failing to define the problem to be solved 2. Lack of planning 3. Not understanding customer requirements 4. Ballpark estimates bee targets 5. Estimates are wishful thinking instead of databased All rights reserved. Number One Cause… Failure to properly define the problem to be solved by the project, because... We assume that ―we all know what the problem is.‖ All rights reserved. Project Definition Every project is conducted to solve some problem or achieve some desired result. Tying these down is called defining the job. This yields a problem statement, mission, and vision for the job. All rights reserved. Mission Versus Vision Vision is what the final result will look like! It defines done. The mission of a project is to achieve that vision. All rights reserved. An Example Every project solves a problem. Vision is what the result will look like. The mission is to achieve the vision. All rights reserved. Cause… People Problems Number Two Communication Conflicts Egos Hidden agendas Politics Poor teamwork Cultural Differences All rights reserved. You Need Three Things to Have Successful Projects 1. Adequate tools 1. Proper systems 2. Project Managers and team members who have the skills needed for each facet of their jobs All rights reserved. Some Tools You Need Scheduling software PERT/CPM, Work Breakdown Structures, and Earned Value Analysis. All rights reserved. Systems Required Project accounting A project management methodology Control system Project prioritization system Resource allocation system Reward system All rights reserved. Important People Skills Leadership 領導能力 Team building 團隊建設 Conflict management 沖突管理 Negotiation 協(xié)商 Persuasion and Influence 服與影 Communication 溝通 Political 政治 Cultural sensitivity 文化敏感性 All rights reserved. Supporting Skills Problem solving Decision making Innovative thinking Team skills Group facilitation Listening skills General management skills Project management skills All rights reserved. Sub optimizing Won‘t Work You can‘t focus on just one of the three to get better project management. 。 You must select the right people to do the job. All rights reserved. Selecting Project Managers Project managers should be selected for management aptitude, not technical ability. A major aptitude is dealing with people. All rights reserved. The Need for ―People Skills‖ Project managers almost always have a lot of responsibility but no authority. If they are to get anything done, it will be through influence or negotiating. All rights reserved. I Hate People Problems! Technical people sometimes hate dealing with ―people problems.‖ When this is true, they should not be made managers. All rights reserved. You Need Dual Career Paths However,they often bee managers to make more money—and make themselves and everyone else miserable. Set up a dual career path, so technical people can make as much money as managers. All rights reserved. Working Project Managers Project managers often do technical work and also manage the project. When there is a conflict between doing work and managing, the work always takes priority and the managing suffers. All rights reserved. Sacrificing Quality Alternatively, if you put tremendous time pressures on them, they will release garbage—they sacrifice quality. Neither of these responses is acceptable. All rights reserved. Have Your Cake