【正文】 y specialist until less than 90 days before dialysis starts. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic makeup are out of our control。it39。it doesn39。it39。our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently（2）The underlined word insidious (in Paragraph 3) means ________. A.apparent and fastC.painful and long（3）We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, ________. A.the kidneys may have been seriously damagedC.the kidneys can still work properly（4）How many factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage? A.Four.C.Six.（5）Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage? A.Go to see a kidney specialist whenever you find any warning sign.C.Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）D（5）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了腎臟出現(xiàn)問題的原因，以及巨大危害，分析了腎臟問題出現(xiàn)的重要因素，并指出如何預(yù)防腎病。根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容，以及第三段中的“This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (腎) don39。故選C。根據(jù)第三段中的“Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.”和第四段中的“There may be no warning signs.”可知，腎功能的變化是由身體其它變化引起的，是一個漸變的過程，而且這個變化沒有任何警示，故推測劃線詞的意思是“逐漸的/慢慢的，無法察覺的”。 （3）考查推理判斷。s not unmon for people to lose up to 90 percent of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs.”可知，90%的癥狀在被確診之前是看不出來的，而且沒有任何的預(yù)警，故推測當(dāng)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)腎病癥狀時，腎可能已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重受損。 （4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。故選D。根據(jù)第四段中的“There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection(診察) difficult.” 和第六段中的“Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.”可推測，早期診察，做足夠的鍛煉可以預(yù)防腎損傷。 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇醫(yī)學(xué)類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。The age of adulthood is by definition arbitrary. If everyone matured at the same, fixed rate, it wouldn39。d say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I39。However, we broadly agree that there39。s view that sixyearolds should be allowed to vote goes against any standard argument about the age of civic responsibility. Nobody would say that a sixyearold could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything. So allowing them the vote—along with, unavoidably, sevenyearolds who are even sillier, if anything—is quite an amusing proposal. s argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life, which is currently twisted in favor of the old, who don39。ve lost it. s centers are closed, concepts such as sovereignty (最高權(quán)威) are prioritized over the far more urgent business of the future: climate change. Nostalgia (懷念) for a past the young wouldn39。Most of the arguments against giving sixyearolds a vote are that children would end up voting for something damaging and chaotic, if someone made unrealistic promises to them, which could never be realized. Well, it39。s fault. t cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of preMarx munism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn39。On that particular day, when we were registered as voters, my kid was quite far to the left of me, but in the normal run of things, we39。re adolescent. So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes. And what can stop us having even more children, once there39。Now, if parents could be trusted to use their influence wisely, and hammer into children the politics it will take to assure a better future, then I wouldn39。s not worth talking about anyway, because parents can39。d all already vote Green(綠黨). but while we39。certain rights are granted at different stages of lifeB.s a mon standard for the age of adulthoodC.a credit card is more difficult to get than the vote（2）People reject David Runciman39。they believe children are far from mature in many waysB.they know the age to get the vote is not to be questionedD.t think a child can grow into adulthood earlier（3）What is the base for David Runciman39。Public ignorance of children39。Inequalities of opportunity.C.The imbalance in political life.（4）The author talks about his kid to indicate that ________. A.children are innocent and don39。children are simpleminded and can fall for an adult39。children are goodnatured and like to help people in need（5）The author thinks allowing children the vote may lead to ________. A.B. objectionsmisuse of rightsunusual maturation（6）What is the main point of the passage? A.Allowing children the vote is not altogether absurd.C.Parents should introduce politics to their children.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）D（4）A（5）C（6）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，講述了兒童成熟的速度是不同，所以作者認(rèn)為允許兒童投票的提議并不完全是荒謬的，如果將對未來50年的英國政治生活產(chǎn)生影響，16歲的孩子應(yīng)該被授予選舉權(quán)。根據(jù)第一段中的“Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I39。ve got the county court judgment to prove it.”可知，作者以他的成熟年齡來證明人們在各個方面的成熟速度是不一樣的。 （2）考查推理判斷。由此推斷，人們拒絕David Runciman的提議是因為他們認(rèn)為孩子在很多方面還不夠成熟，不能被賦予相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。s argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life”可知，Runciman論點的基礎(chǔ)是，這是重新平衡政治生活的唯一途徑，即政治生活的不平衡導(dǎo)致他提出這個提議。 （4）考查推理判斷。t cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of preMarx munism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn39。故選A。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes.”可知，給孩子投票權(quán)其實只是給父母額外投票權(quán)的一種方式，由此推斷作者認(rèn)為給孩子投票權(quán)可能會導(dǎo)致投票權(quán)的濫用。 （6）考查主旨大意。 but while we39。故選B