【正文】 地控制建設(shè)成本。在實施階段的成本控制是指通過在確保工程質(zhì)量和工期的條件了科學(xué)的成本控制理論和方法來限制調(diào)度的控制范圍內(nèi) 的建設(shè)成本。 在實施階段影響工程造價的主要因素分析 項目的實施階段是指從施工圖設(shè)計和審查，并提交完成的時期到建設(shè)方到最終竣工驗收的項目，直到它被投入使用。所有這些方面影響施工費用結(jié)算程度不同。影響施工成本因素是多方面的，但是從成本形成分析的角度來看，有主要理由如下。招標(biāo)可以確定價格中標(biāo)，而被價格的基礎(chǔ)中標(biāo)確定的合同價格。 2）合同簽訂和管理的影響。合同簽訂后，合同項目被視為基礎(chǔ)，這將有超過設(shè)計 變更嚴(yán)格的合同控制在施工階段，工程測量，支付建設(shè)的債務(wù)，與建設(shè)補(bǔ)償?shù)?，這將確保實現(xiàn)控制的目標(biāo)。 3）施工管理檢查計劃的影響。在施工過程中，合同價格的調(diào)整也應(yīng)根據(jù)施工組織設(shè)計確定的，因為施工組織設(shè)計的好壞將直接影響項目的質(zhì)量和進(jìn)度。 4）物料管理的影響。另一方面，材料 費用帳目由于價格的材料用于建筑成本相當(dāng)大的比例，確定工程造價。 5）結(jié)算，考核項目完成的驗證的影響。一個嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)細(xì)致的結(jié)算，審核可以確保項目的結(jié)算成本的準(zhǔn)確性和真實性。 在本文中，筆者總結(jié)了施工成本控制的相關(guān)問題在建設(shè)項目決策階段，設(shè)計階段和施工階段，并提出了原則和決議的移交等問題。本文不能斷定所有此類問題存在，也決議，解決這些問題不能包羅萬象，但與建設(shè)的發(fā)展，新的問題和新的思維列車將不斷涌現(xiàn)。 manufacture of a construction project with their management technique with an overall cost. Current construction cost management model and theories in China Direct regulation and control of the government Considering development process of quota, it can be discovered that quota has e into being, developed and bee mature gradually with development of planned economy after foundation of PRC. Since China has carried out centralized management model of investment system for a long time, the government is not only a maker of macropolicy, but a participant of microproject construction. Therefore, a unified quota with dense colour of planned economy is able to provide powerful methods and means for the government to carry out macroinvestment regulation and control and microconstruction project management. Valuation basis for current construction cost Basic materials for calculation of construction cost usually include construction cost quota, construction cost expense quota, cost index, basic unit price, quantities calculation rule and relevant economic rules and policies issued by petent departments of the government, etc. It includes index of estimate (budgetary estimate index), budgetary estimate quota, budgetary quota (prehensive budgetary quota), expense quota (standard), labor quota, workingday norm, materials, budgetary price of facilities, direct price index of a project, material price index and cost index. And also included is valuation criterion of consumption quota and list of items in recent two years. Valuation model of current construction cost Valuation model is a basic aspect of construction cost management. Construction cost management is a governmental behavior, while valuation model is a means for a country to manage and control construction cost. There are two construction valuation models at 外文翻譯（譯文） 12 present in China, namely, valuation model according to quota and one according to bill of quantities. Valuation model according to quota Valuation model according to quota is an effective model adopted during the transition period from planned economy to market economy. Determination of construction cost through valuation model according to quota prevents overrated valuation and standards and prices pressed down to some extent, because budgetary quota standardizes rate of consumption and a variety of documents stipulate manpower, materials, unit price of machines and all sorts of service fee norms, which reflects normativity, unitarity and rationality of construction cost. However, it has an inhibited effect upon market petition, and is not favorable for a construction enterprise to improve its technique, strengthen its management and enhance its labor efficiency and market petition. Valuation model according to bill of quantities Valuation model according to bill of quantities is a construction cost determination model proposed recently. In this model, the government merely unifies project code, project name, unit of measurement and measurement rule of quantities. Each construction enterprise has its selfdetermination to quote a price according to its own situation in a tender offer, and price of building products is formed thereby in the process of bidding. Cost control in the process of implementation For a long time, technique and economy has been separated in the field of project construction. Restrained by the planned economy, there lacks the economic concept in the minds of our engineers and technicians, because they regard reduction of construction cost as a duty of financial personnel which has nothing to do with themselves. However, the primary responsibility of financial and preliminary budget personnel is to act in accordance with financial system. Usually, they are not familiar with construction technique, and know little or even nothing about changes of various relations in project design, construction content and implementation of construction. Under such a circumstance, they have no choice but to mechanically work out or audit the expenditure from a financial perspective, which results in mutual separation of technique and economy. They just do what they do, which negatively reflects price of quantities of a project that has been pleted, so it is difficult to control construction cost rationally and effectively. 外文翻譯（譯文） 13 Control of cost in the process of construction Implementation stage of a construction project is a stage which requires the most assets in the whole process of a project construction, and is also a vital stage for pecuniary resources to transform into building entities. Cost control at the implementation stage refers to confine construction cost within a scheduled control scope through a scientific cost control theory and method on the condition of ensuring project quality and time limit. The process of generation of a building entity is inreversible, so if effective automatic control and precontrol cannot be conducted over construction cost, then economic loss might be caused that cannot be made up for. Analysis of major factors that affect construction cost at the stage of implementation Implementation stage of a project refers to the peri