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。如:tietying系 diedying死 lielying 位于形容詞的級我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。如: greatergreatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicernicest, largerlargest二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如fewfewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:happyhappier happiest, sorrysorrier sorriest, friendlyfriendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busybusier busiest, easyeasier easiest四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))good/well– betterbest many/muchmoremost bad/ill – worse worst littlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。twentytwentieth, fortyfortieth, ninetyninetieth二、初一英語語法——句式 a)This is a book.(be動詞)b)He looks very young.(連系動詞)c)I want a sweat like this.(實義動詞)d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動詞)e)There’s a puter on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句a)These aren’t their )They don’t look )Kate doesn’t go to Middle )Kate can’t find her )There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.) 肯定祈使句a)Please go and ask the )Let’s learn English!c)Come in, a)Don’t be )Don’t 1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you?c)Does she like salad?d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?肯定回答: a)Yes, he )Yes, you )Yes, she )Yes, they )Yes, she :a)No, he isn’)No, you can’)No, she doesn’)No, they don’)No, she isn’、初一英語語法——時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現(xiàn)在時,它有: Be 動詞:She’s a she a worker? She isn’t a :I can play the you play the piano? I can’t play the :They want to eat some they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any has a nice Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a 、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示動詞在此時正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)為 sb be vingsth + ’m playing you playing baseball? I’m not playing is writing a Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a 、初一英語語法——介詞用法: 1)具體時間前介詞用at。She goes to bed at eleven o’。in the morning在早上,in the afternoon 在下午,in the evening 在晚上 at noon在中午,at night在夜里 3)表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短語用介詞on。4)在this, last, next, every等詞前面既不加介詞,也不用冠詞。She is going to Shanghai next 。整體來說,在初中的英語學(xué)習(xí)中,會涉及很多很細(xì)小的知識點。所以,我們將初一英語上冊所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)知識作如下梳理:一、48個國際音標(biāo)及26個英文字母的正確書寫要熟練掌握元音和輔音,5個元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距。記憶口訣:“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”;單數(shù)全都用is,復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。人稱代詞的主格,即人稱代詞位于句子主語位置時的形態(tài):I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。形容詞性物主代詞:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。反身代詞:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。五、一般疑問句及特殊疑問句一般疑問句:能用Yes或No來回答的問句。特殊疑問句:不能用Yes或No來回答的問句。六、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時,有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。記憶口訣:除了“英雄”hero外,凡是能吃的,加“es ”,不能吃的加“s ”??蓴?shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞:可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù),其復(fù)數(shù)形式一般是在其后加上(e)s。:可數(shù)名詞前可用a(n)及數(shù)詞來表示其量,也可借助于其它的可數(shù)名詞,用of介詞來表示其量,此時,表示量的可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)變化,表示事物的可數(shù)名詞本身則必須用復(fù)數(shù)。:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可用some, any來修飾,表示“一些”之意,而表示“很多”之意時,可數(shù)名詞(復(fù)數(shù)形式)前應(yīng)用many或a lot of;不可數(shù)名詞(只可用單數(shù)形式)前應(yīng)用much 或a lot of。七、簡單句的成分及主謂一致原則最基本構(gòu)成:主語+謂語+賓語,其中謂語由動詞來充當(dāng)。當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)(簡稱“三單”)時,謂語動詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)主語非“三單”時,謂語動詞就用原形。八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞、數(shù)字、字母、符號等前;an用在以元音音素開頭的詞前。不定冠詞a, an與基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量”,而基數(shù)詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量”。以like為例:1)當(dāng)句子為肯定句時不涉及使用助動詞,只涉及“主謂一致”原則。當(dāng)主語為“非三單”時,用助動詞原形do。t like like don39。 and Helen like Jand and Helen like music?Yes, they do./ No, they don39。有生命事物名詞的所有格應(yīng)在其后加上39。方法:39。,在其后加上’, 而不可加39。,需在其后加上39。,只需將最后一個名詞變?yōu)樗懈?前面的各個名詞無需變?yōu)樗懈?。注意:表示無生命事物的名詞一般應(yīng)用of介詞短語來構(gòu)成其所有格。s books;Tom and Helen39。Ann39。s bikes。例如:I have a new has two big door of the house十一、課本中的知識點Unit 1 ——Unit 2 1)問候語:Good morning/ afternoon/ are you?Just OK, thank are you?Not bad, !Hello!How do you do? 2)道別用語:Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次見面,see用于熟人間)Nice to meet/ see you, you(later/ tomorrow/ next time)!So long!Good night!3)介紹人或者物的句型:This is...4)Excuse 39。m 。例如: What39。s an are those?They are ):That39。re wele./ My )look the same = have the same looks give sb.= give like = look likein the tree/ on the tree(樹上結(jié)的、長出來的用on,否則用in)in red(穿著紅色的衣服)in the desk(在空間范圍之內(nèi))in English(用英語)help )both與all的區(qū)別:both表示“兩者都......”;all表示“三者及以上都......”。speak后面除了能接“語言”外,不能直接接?xùn)|西,后面加了to則表示“對......說”。例如: I have some don39。t開頭。t go there!5)問職業(yè):What does ? What is sb.? What39。s job?6)work與job的區(qū)別:work是未必有報酬的“工作”,例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報酬的“工作”。t you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?10)“吃”一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper take one39。12)在口語中往往用take表示“買”。think about(考慮)Thank you all the same.(即使對方?jīng)]能幫上忙,也要禮貌道謝)Thanks.= Thank you.(thank作為動詞,不能單獨使用。例如: Ann :I have a yellow :I have a green : Hey, is your bike? Mike : Look, it39。s up? = What39。s the matter with...? 18)go + :為了實現(xiàn)某目的才去的。例如: 8:23——twentythree past eight當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r間大于30分鐘、小于60分鐘時,用“剩余的時間”to“下一個整點”。8:49——eight fortynine整點則在數(shù)詞后加“o39。clock )句型“該干某事了。s time to do sth.= It39。s time to have lunch.= It39。no和not。it39。who和what。let39。good, nice。look和look at。and和or。with和and。one和it。s。other和else。get和get to等。但當(dāng)man,woman作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時,要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式men,?[誤] How many peoples are there in the room?[正] How many people are there in the room?[析] people作“人、人們”解時,是個集合名詞,其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。[誤] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.[析] 表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時,常用“a / an或數(shù)詞 +表量的可數(shù)名詞 + of + 不可數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu),其中當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1時,表量的可數(shù)名詞要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。,但今晚她在看電視。一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作,常和often,usually,sometimes 等時間狀語連用。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由be(am / is / are)+ ving形式構(gòu)成。[誤] This pair of shoes are red.[正] This pair of shoes is red.[析] 在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成雙成對的衣物或工具名詞前用pair(表計量)修飾時,謂語動詞的形式由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定。[誤] This is hers ’s not my.[正] This is her ’s not mine.[析] 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。[第四類] 介詞類?[誤] Can you find the answer of this question?[正] Can you find the answer to this question?[析] 英語中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。而表示在具體的某天上午、下午時。[第五類] 副詞類,你為什么不回家呢?[誤] Lily,why don’t you go to home?[正] Lily,why don’t you go home?[析] e,go 等后接here,there,home等地點副詞時,地點副詞前不加to。[誤] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like history.[正] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like history.[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之間用an