【正文】 “The Navigator”, Prince Henry’s primary goa l was to find gold for Portugal. The Portuguese also hoped to find a way to the rich spice trade of the Indies and to spread the Christian faith. Henry gathered many Europe’s best geographers and navigators to plan expeditions. By about 1420 or earlier, his navigators were exploring westward into the Atlantic , and by the 1430s, they were moving southward along the west coast of Africa . Henry’s explorers claimed the Azores for Portugal . In Africa, they began to trade for slaves , gold and ivory . The success of these early voyages of discovery and exploration created great excitement throughout Europe. Success encouraged more voyages . In 1488, Baritolomeu Dias sailed around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa . Although Dias had to turn back , he had found the route to the Indian Ocean . Using this knowledge , Vasco da Gama sailed eastward across the Indian Ocean . He landed in India in 1498 . Several years later , da Gama made a second voyage to India . He returned to Portugal , his ships full of valuable goods . Thanks to Dias and da Gama , an overseas trade route from Europe to India and the East Indies was now available . Rich cargoes of spices and jewels arrived in Portugal . This direct ocean route saved the Portuguese from having to deal with middlemen traders . Now , the Portuguese could journey directly to the sources of the trade goods they sought . In many cases ,ships could carry goods more cheaply than could overland caravans(大篷車 ) . Nor could Portuguese merchants be blocked or charged high fees by peting powers that controlled overland routes . Overseas trade promised wealth for merchants and sailors and goods for Europe’s markets. 60. The main purpose of Henry’s voyage was to ____________. the unknown waters beyond Europe gold for the royal family for a route to the Indian Ocean Portuguese trade to Africa 61. Who was the first to find the route to the Indian Ocean? Henry . da Gama. Dias. merchants. 62. It can be inferred from the passage that ___________. used to be charged high fees by middlemen traders. Henry blocked Portuguese merchants along overland routes. and da Gama were the pioneers to reach the Cape of Good Hope. overseas trade route from Europe to India benefited Portugal a lot . ( C ) Many United States panies have made the search for legal protection from import petition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 plaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(補貼 ) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign panies “dumped” their products in the United States at “l(fā)ess than fair value.” Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救濟 ). Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more panies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a plicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The plexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent pany. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign panies will use import relief laws against the very panies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United Statesowned pany establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its petitor makes the same product in the United States. If the petitor can prove injury from the imports— and that the United States pany received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad— the United States pany’s products will be unpetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties. Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控訴 ) that Canadian panies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the plaint was that a foreign conglomerate（聯(lián)合企業(yè)） with United States operations was crying for help against a United States pany with foreign operations. The “United States” pany claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian” panies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the secondlargest domestic producer of rock salt. passage is chiefly concerned with_______________ A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences C. remending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for dumped products but not for other imports. can be inferred about the minimal basis for a plaint to the ITC ____________. A. A foreign petitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value. B. A foreign petitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US. C. The pany requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products. D. The pany requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US. is the function of the last paragraph? A. It summarizes t