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ting(寫作 )| ?Text copyright黃蜀云 In tension ,the material is pulled apart or stretched like a rubber band . In pression ,the material is pressed or pushed together . English for Civil Engineering~ Road Engineering 四川交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 Sichuan Vocational Technical College of Communications ?國家示范性高等職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 |Leadin(導(dǎo)入 )| Dialogue(對話 ) |Text (課文 ) | Exercises(練習(xí) ) |Guided Writing(寫作 )| ?Text copyright黃蜀云 What is torsion ?It makes the structure rotate or turn . torsion English for Civil Engineering~ Road Engineering 四川交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 Sichuan Vocational Technical College of Communications ?國家示范性高等職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 |Leadin(導(dǎo)入 )| Dialogue(對話 ) |Text (課文 ) | Exercises(練習(xí) ) |Guided Writing(寫作 )| ?Text copyright黃蜀云 The shearing force causes shearing stress . It is defined as the fracture of the materials along the stress route . shear F F English for Civil Engineering~ Road Engineering 四川交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 Sichuan Vocational Technical College of Communications ?國家示范性高等職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 |Leadin(導(dǎo)入 )| Dialogue(對話 ) |Text (課文 ) | Exercises(練習(xí) ) |Guided Writing(寫作 )| ?Text copyright黃蜀云 Since the structure designed by civil engineers is intended to be stable ,these forces must be kept in balance . The vertical forces ,for example ,must be equal to each other . if a beam supports a load above ,the beam itself must have sufficient strength to counterbalance that weight . F1 F2 F1 F2 = English for Civil Engineering~ Road Engineering 四川交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 Sichuan Vocational Technical College of Communications ?國家示范性高等職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 |Leadin(導(dǎo)入 )| Dialogue(對話 ) |Text (課文 ) | Exercises(練習(xí) ) |Guided Writing(寫作 )| ?Text copyright黃蜀云 The horizontal forces must also be equal to each other so that there is not too much thrust either to the right or to the left .the forces that might pull the structure around must be counterbalanced with forces that pull in the opposite direction . F1 F2 = F2 F1 English for Civil Engineering~ Road Engineering 四川交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 Sichuan Vocational Technical College of Communications ?國家示范性高等職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院 |Leadin(導(dǎo)入 )| Dialogue(對話 ) |Text (課文 ) | Exercises(練習(xí) ) |Guided Writing(寫作 )| ?Text copyright黃蜀云 if a man carries a heavy load ,his body is distressed as a result of the efforts he has to make to bear the load . In order to grasp the idea of stress, it is helpful to pare fibers of a material subjected to force to the bones and mu