freepeople性欧美熟妇, 色戒完整版无删减158分钟hd, 无码精品国产vα在线观看DVD, 丰满少妇伦精品无码专区在线观看,艾栗栗与纹身男宾馆3p50分钟,国产AV片在线观看,黑人与美女高潮,18岁女RAPPERDISSSUBS,国产手机在机看影片

正文內(nèi)容

aframeworkforcreditanalysis加拿大著名咨詢公司在-在線瀏覽

2025-04-08 19:18本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 this risk rating. 7 Credit Analysis Factors affecting Industry Conditions ?Michael Porter’s Model ? Ease of Entry ? Availability of Substitute Products ? Bargaining power of buyers and suppliers ? Competitive rivalry. Rivalry tends to be greatest when there are numerous panies producing largely undifferentiated products or services. ? Dependence on other industries 8 Credit Analysis Assessing a Client’s Marketing ?Marketing is a critical factor for most borrowers, especially “startups”, those entering a new business or facing tough petition ?Firm should have a plan which covers: ?Product Policies ?Price Policies ?Promotion ?Personal Selling Activities ?Distribution Policies 9 Credit Analysis Appraising the Client’s Operations Management ?Operations management the set of activities required to transform inputs such as raw material and labour into the final product. Major ponents of operations include: ?Quality value for money ?Process Design technology, plant layout ?Facilities Planning and Scheduling ?Inventory Management how much is necessary to carry? ?Employee management 10 Credit Analysis Evaluating Management Capabilities and Character ?Determine the experience and skills of key principals ?This includes technical knowledge, contacts, resources in marketing, operations and finance plus skill in managing and motivating others ?Assess management’s character: integrity, financial conservatism and respect for creditors 11 Credit Analysis Analyzing the Borrower’s Financial Management ?Strong financial management is an essential ingredient for success ?Financial capacity is the posite of management policies and practices in several areas: ?Is there adequate liquidity? ?The firm’s relationships with trade creditors, lenders and investors ?The equity capital contributed by the owners ?The extent of the owner’s withdrawals 12 Credit Analysis Borrower’s Financial Management cont’d ?Calculate key financial ratios 1. Profitability ratios 2. Asset utilization ratios 3. Financial capacity tests ?Which ratios to calculate will vary with the the industry and type of business (example service or manufacturing) 13 Credit Analysis Profitability Ratios ?Profit Margin: Net profit after tax/ sales. ?Gross Profit margin: The portion of revenues remaining after the cost of sales. (Net Sales Cost of Sales)/ Net Sales ?Sales Growth: Measured over time. Usually expressed as a % growth per year. ?Return on Assets: Net Profit/Total Assets. This may be distorted due to the age of the firm’s assets. 14 Credit Analysis Profitability Ratios ?Return on Equity = Net Profit/Total Equity This measures the rate of return on the capital provided by equity investors. Equity includes mon stock, retained earnings, and minority shareholders’ interest ?Banks normally require an agreement from the owners that equity funds will not be withdrawn without the bank’s prior permission 15 Credit Analysis Asset Management Ratios ?Turnover of Current Assets. Days of inventory = Inventory/(Cost of Sales247。 365 days). ?This shows how carefully management is controlling it’s investment in inventory. ?Cost of sales is used to ensure that both goods sold and inventories are pared on the same basis, namely at the cost of purchase or production. 16 Credit Analysis Asset Management Ratios ?Collection period for Receivables = Accounts Receivable/(Net Credit sales247。 365) 24 Credit Analysis Financial Ratios Continued Accounts Receivable Collection Period Accounts Receivable (Average Daily Sales) Financial Capacity Ratios: Current ratio Current Assets/ Current Liabilities Quick ratio (Current Assets less inventory less prepaid expenses)/ Current liabilities 25 Credit Analysis Financial Ratios Continued Financial Capacity Ratios (Continued): Accounts payable payment period = Accounts payable/ Average daily purchases Debt to assets ratio = Total Debt/Total Assets Interest Coverage = (Earnings before interest and taxes) Interest 26 Credit Analysis Cash Flow Analysis ? The purpose of a risk assessment is to judge the pany’s ability to service its obligations to the bank. ?A borrower’s repayment capacity is primarily determined by the cash flows that the business generates ? The major sources and uses of cash in the business must be identified to predict future cash flows ? Statement of changes in financial position are provided as part of the cash flow statements ? Tells where the cash is ing from and where it is being used: operating, investing and financing activities 27 Credit Analysis II. The Client’s Funding Needs ?Estimating Total Financing Needs ?Identifying NonBank Sources of Financing 28 Credit Analysis Estimating Total Financing Needs ? A banker has to identify the total funding that the pany requires to support its current operations and to carry out its plans for expansion. ?The major methods of forecasting a firm’s financial needs ?Cash Flow budgets ?Pro forma financial statements ? The loan facility must be set at a level that is both realistic for the pany’s needs but is not excessive relative to the available cash flows 29 Credit Analysis Financing Needs ? Financial forecasts must be prepared by management or an outside accountant and the banker can only assess the reasonableness of the forecasts. ?Provides both the amount and timing of the firm’s needs ? Helps the banker better analyze the risks associated with a loan request. ? Sensitivity analysis should be done where the forecasts are prepared using different assumptions about future events 30 Credit
點(diǎn)擊復(fù)制文檔內(nèi)容
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)推薦
文庫(kù)吧 www.dybbs8.com
備案圖鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1