【正文】 abor costs 168。 Consistent, and perhaps better quality Disadvantages 168。 Requires substantial preplanning and capital expenditures 168。 Tooling and fixture requirements Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 7s21 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Production Technology Flexible Manufacturing Systems 1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10 100 1000 General purpose Work cells Flexible Manufacturing System CIM Focused automation Dedicated automation Volume Products Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 7s22 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 168。 Computeraided design (CAD) creates code to run DNC machines DNC RobotsPICAGVCADTopMgmtDNC RobotsPICAGVCADTopMgmtCAM Production Technology Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 7s23 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Equipment Options and Utilization General purpose machines Numerical controlled machines Automated tool changing Computer numerical control Direct numerical control Robots, AVG抯 Computer integrated manufacturing Flexible Manufacturing Systems Information Sciences Typical Equipment Utilization 5%25% 20%75% 70%90% Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 7s24 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Use of Information Technology at North American Manufacturing Plants 0 20 40 60 80 Computer Aided Design Bar Coding Industrial Computers Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Robotics Automated Materials Handling (AGVs) Automated Storage Retrieval System (ASRS) 72 72 62 54 40 28 24 20 Plants with at least moderate experience (%) Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 7s25 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Technology Impacts Services 168。 Education 168。 Restaurant and foods 168。 Hotels 168。 Transportation 168。 Airlines Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 7s26 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 DSS, MIS, and Transaction Processing in POM Manufacturing control Distribution control Procurement control ?Materials consumption ?Materials control ?Machine utilization ?Labor reporting ?In process inventory Shop floor reporting Workorder processing Raw materials Warehouse receiving ?Maintenance parts inventory ?Machine history ?Inventory