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supply and demand 23 Structure of Flows in a Modern Exchange Economy Command Economy ? Command Economy (Centrally Planned Economy): all dimensions of economic activity, including pricing and production decisions, are determined by a central government plan – Government owns and controls all resources – Prices are determined by government Mixed Economy ? Mixed Economy: Some degree of government ownership and control ? No economy is purely market or mand ? Most mand economies are moving towards a market economy 26 Spread of market based systems Reforms and Economic Progress 28 Social structure ? Two dimensions – The extent to which society is group or individually oriented – Degree of stratification into castes or classes ? Social mobility ? Significance to business 29 第二節(jié) 多樣的創(chuàng)業(yè)動(dòng)機(jī) 一、企業(yè)家的創(chuàng)業(yè)動(dòng)機(jī) 1.最大限度地實(shí)現(xiàn)自身的價(jià)值,獲得成功的滿足感 2.爭(zhēng)取更高的利潤(rùn),改善生活狀況 3.擁有自己的企業(yè),可以獨(dú)立自主、按照自己的意愿行動(dòng) 4.爭(zhēng)取較大的自由度和靈活的工作時(shí)間 30 第二節(jié) 多樣的創(chuàng)業(yè)動(dòng)機(jī) 二、企業(yè)家的創(chuàng)業(yè)壓力 1.工作壓力較大,工作負(fù)擔(dān)較重 2.管理工作繁雜,工作時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),閑暇時(shí)間較短 3.隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備承受經(jīng)營(yíng)失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 31 第三節(jié) 小企業(yè)