【正文】 anagement, 5E (Heizer Render) 1612 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 168。 New product introduction 19 ?Nude Sandalfoot Medium to Tall (B) No nonsense New! Improved! ?1995 Corel Corp. An Example Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1614 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Management of Large Projects 168。 Scheduling relating people, money, and supplies to specific activities and activities to one and other 168。 revising plans and shifting resources to meet time and cost demands Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1615 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Planning ? Objectives ? Resources ? Work breakdown schedule ? Organization Scheduling ? Project activities ? Start end times ? Network Controlling ? Monitor, pare, revise, action Project Management Activities Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1616 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Project Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling Project Planning 1. Setting goals 2. Defining the project 3. Tying needs into timed project activities 4. Organizing the team Project Scheduling 1. Tying resources to specific activities 2. Relating activities to each other 3. Updating and revising on a regular basis Time/cost estimates Budgets Engineering diagrams Cash flow charts Material availability details CPM/PERT Gantt charts Milestone charts Cash flow schedules Project Controlling 1. Monitoring resources, costs, quality, and budgets 2. Revising and changing plans 3. Shifting resources to meet demands Reports ? budgets ? delayed activities ? slack activities Before Project During Project Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1617 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 168。 Defining project 168。 Determining resources 168。 Work can be defined with a specific goal and deadline 168。 The work contains plex interrelated tasks requiring specialized skills 168。 Often temporary structure 168。 Headed by project manager 168。 Monitors schedule costs 168。 1. Project 168。 3. Subtasks in the major tasks 168。 Sequencing activities 168。 Determining activity times costs 168。 Determining critical activities ?1995 Corel Corp. Project Scheduling Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1626 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 Purposes of Project Scheduling 168。 Identifies the precedence relationships among activities 168。 Helps make better use of people, money, and material resources by identifying critical bottlenecks Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1627 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 168。 Critical Path Method (CPM) 168。 Detailed cost breakdowns for each task 168。 Cost distribution tables 168。 Raw materials and expenditure forecasts 168。 Time analysis reports 168。 Network techniques 168。 CPM by DuPont for chemical plants 168。 Consider precedence relationships and interdependencies 168。 Is the project on schedule, ahead of schedule, or behind schedule? 168。 Are there enough resources available to finish the project on time? 168。 Activities are defined often by beginning ending events 168。 Every activity must have unique pair of beginning ending events 168。 Dummy activities maintain precedence 168。 3 time estimates 168。 Mostlikely time (m) 168。 Follow beta distribution 168。 Variance of times: v = (b a)2/6 ??? PERT Activity Times Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1640 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 168。 Earliest (ES) latest (LS) start 168。 Slack (S): Allowable delay 168。 Longest path in work 168。 Any delay on activities delays project 168。 Begin at starting event work forward 168。 ES is earliest start 168。 EF is earliest finish 168。 Begin at ending event work backward 168。 LF is latest finish。 LS = LF Activity time 168。 LF = Minimum LS of all successors for nonending activities Latest Start and Finish Steps Transparency Masters to acpany Operations Management, 5E (Heizer Render) 1643 ?1998 by Prentice Hall, Inc. A Simon Schuster Company Upper Saddle River, . 07458 1 4 2 3 Pour foundat