【正文】 遲Technical 技 術(shù) 性的? Construction failure 結(jié) 構(gòu)失效? Defective product 不良 產(chǎn) 品? 7 Quality tools 7大工具? 3 x 5 WhySupport by 8D Root cause analysis during series production對 于量 產(chǎn) 件根本原因分析Support by 8DDuring the product evolution process or during reengineering在 產(chǎn) 品開 發(fā) 和再 設(shè)計(jì)過 程中? Local distribution 局部分布? Variable parison 變 量比 較? Component parison 零件比 較? Check sheet for concept parison 設(shè)計(jì) 比 較? Taguchi 田口法? Etc. 等等18 169。 Suitable for the indepth analysis of problems as well as for the elimination of the root causes of failures 適合深入的 問題 分析并能 消除根本的失效原因232。 Customers are informed fast and on a regular basis and are thereby always updated as to the newest information and knowledge available 快速并定期通知客 戶 ，及 時(shí) 更新信息232。 ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2023 8D Problem SolvingThe 8D Process 8D程序Deming‘s Rule of Thumb戴明的 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 法 則232。 It is of crucial importance to separate the problem from the person 把 問題 和人分開 ， 這 非常重要232。 First question: ?Why has the system not been able to prevent/ discover the failure?“ and not ?Who made the failure?”第一個(gè) 問題 :?為 什么系 統(tǒng) 沒有能 夠 阻止 /發(fā)現(xiàn)問題 ?“ 而不是， 誰 造成了 問題 ?”20 169。 ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2023 8D Problem SolvingThe 8D Process 8D程序Trigger 觸 發(fā) 源 232。 like for example product failures, audit results, field errors, customer plaints, etc. …事故 =未 發(fā)現(xiàn) 的 錯(cuò)誤 （失效，不一致），當(dāng)被 發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí) 就成 為 一個(gè) 問題 ，比如產(chǎn) 品失效、 審 核 結(jié) 果、 現(xiàn)場 失效、客 戶 抱怨等等232。 Once the problem has been identified, the following information has to be gathered 一旦 問題 已 經(jīng) 被確 認(rèn) ，以下的信息必 須 被收集u Time of the discovery? 發(fā)現(xiàn) 的 時(shí)間u How many parts are affected? 有多少 產(chǎn) 品受到影響u Where has the problem been discovered?發(fā)現(xiàn) 的地方u Part number? 零件號u Wording of the problem message? 發(fā) 出 問題 消息u Etc. … 等等22 169。 ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2023 8D Problem SolvingThe 8D Process 8D程序The single Steps in Detail每一步 驟詳 解Improvement until full satisfaction is reached 持 續(xù) 改進(jìn) 一直到完全 滿意Problem Solving Team 問 題 解 決小 組 D1Problem Description 問 題 描述 D2Containment Action(s) 遏 制措施 D3Root Causes 根 本原因 D4Corrective Actions 糾 正措施 D5Type of Effectiveness Review and Result驗(yàn) 證 措施的有效性和 結(jié) 果 D6Preventive Measures 防 止重復(fù) 發(fā) 生措施 D7Lessons Learned 經(jīng) 驗(yàn) 教 訓(xùn) D824 169。 D1: Installation of a problem solving team 建立 問題 解決小 組232。 D3: Implementation and verification of containment actions 實(shí) 施和 驗(yàn)證 遏制措施232。 D5: Review of possible procedures and planning of corrective measures 評審 和策劃 糾 正措施232。 D7: Initiation of actions to prevent recurrence 采取行 動 防止再 發(fā) 生232。 ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2023 8D Problem SolvingThe 8D Process 8D程序D1 – Installation of a Team建立小 組232。 The team must not consist merely of members from the quality department小 組 不可以 僅僅 只由 質(zhì) 量人 員 組 成232。 Nomination of an internal ?champion“ 需任命一個(gè) 小 組 的 負(fù)責(zé) 人232。 ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2023 8D Problem SolvingThe 8D Process 8D程序D1 – Check Sheet 檢查 清 單232。 Are the right persons in the team? (professional and technical experience) 團(tuán)隊(duì) 中人 員 是否合適（ 專業(yè) 和技 術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn) ）？232。 Is every team member acquainted with the respective task/ responsibility? 是否 團(tuán)隊(duì) 的每個(gè)成 員 都熟悉自己的任 務(wù) /責(zé) 任？232。 Are all participants informed as to the venue and the date of the meeting? 會 議 的 時(shí)間 和地點(diǎn)，通知了所有參加的人 員嗎 ？232。 Are both the documentation and the reporting ensured? 文件和 報(bào) 告是否準(zhǔn) 備 好？232。 ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2023 8D Problem SolvingThe 8D Process 8D程序D2 – Problem Description問題 描述232。 Identification and quantification of the problem source 問題 的 識別 和量化(Where/ when/ how did the problem occur?) 哪里 /什么 時(shí) 候 /問題 是怎么 發(fā) 生的232。 Analysis of the problem‘s consequences (affected parts, versions, vehicles, etc.) 分析 問題 的后果（受到影響的零件，版本， 車 型等等）D228 169。 Describe the problem as precise as possible 盡可能 精確 描述 問題232。 If the situation is difficult to describe: indication that there is more than just one problem which needs to be resolved 如果情況很 難 描述：表明有可能不止一個(gè)需要解決的 問題232。 Check if you are dealing with a recurrent failure 檢查 你是否在 處 理重復(fù) 發(fā) 生的失效232。 Review the problem description from the internal/ external customer point of view: Is the description factual, clear and prehensible? 從內(nèi)部 / 外部客 戶的角度 審視 描述 問題 ：是否是具體的、清楚的、可理解的D229 169。 ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2023 8D Problem SolvingThe 8D Process 8D程序D2 – Check Sheet檢查 清 單232。 Is it expedient to subdivide the problem? 是否 細(xì) 分了 問題232。 How serious is the problem?問題 有多 嚴(yán) 重232。 Which customers are affected? 哪些客 戶 受影響了232。 ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2023 8D Problem SolvingThe 8D Process 8D程序D2 – ZF 8D Form Sheet采埃孚 8D 表格Excerpt ?Form Sheet F06 8D Report“ QR83, 2023, p. 52D232 169。 Protection of the internal/ external customers from the problem’s consequences until permanent corrective measures are implemented effectively 保 護(hù) 內(nèi) /外部客 戶 免受 問題 的影響，直到永久措施有效的 實(shí) 施232。 if required, determination and implementation of additional measures驗(yàn)證實(shí) 施措施的有效性；如果需要，決定和 實(shí) 施 額 外的措施232。 Evaluation of potential risks評 估潛在 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)D333 169。 Possible measures are for example blocking/ testing/ sorting of goods, arrangement of replacement deliveries, initiation of rework activities, etc…可能的方法例如 圍 堵 /測試 /挑 選 ，替 換 品 發(fā) 運(yùn)的安排，返工的啟 動 ，等等。 Do not fet不要忘 記u Marking of the sorted “OK” parts 標(biāo)識 已挑 選 出的 ‘ok’的 產(chǎn) 品u Verification of the effectiveness of the containment measures對 遏制措施的 有效性 進(jìn) 行 驗(yàn)證u Evaluation of possible side effects 評 估可能的影響u Containment actions only fight the symptoms。 Containment actions are temporary measures 遏制措施是 臨時(shí) 措施232。 ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2023 8D Problem SolvingThe 8D Process 8D程序D3 – ZF Requirements采埃孚要求Marking after previous plaint 投 訴 后 標(biāo)記D3?Subsequent deliveries from warehouse and work in progress which have been subjected to 100% testing due to a previous fault must be marked with the form F11 ? Identification of certified material after plaint“ until it has been proven that the fault has been remedied. Each individual container must be clearly identified with Form F11. The type of marking on the individual part needs to be agreed with the