實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物使用者職業(yè)健康與安全概述-在線瀏覽
2025-02-07 19:42本頁(yè)面
【正文】 umans. ? The virus is shed in urine, saliva, and milk during chronic, asymptomatic infections. In infected mice, vertical transmission, the direct transmission of the virus from parent to offspring, is considered 100% efficient. ? Two forms of natural LCM infection in mice 1. asymptomatic, viremia with viral shedding. 2. animals appear normal until 710 months of age when an immune plex glomerulonephritis develops. Then the mice bee emaciated, with rough hair coat and hunched posture, and die. 如何在實(shí)驗(yàn)室預(yù)防 LCMV病毒感染 ? The IFA and ELISA are the serologic tests most practical for routine screening. Because of the possibility of viremia and inadvertent human exposure to LCMV, an often used safety measure is to heat the serum sample to 56C for 30 minutes prior to testing. After this heat inactivation procedure, an ELISA can be done safely in a routine manner. ? If LCMV infection is detected in a colony, the colony should be destroyed immediately for public health considerations. Cesarean rederivation is not an option because of the potential for in utero transmission. 人員醫(yī)療評(píng)估及預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué) What immunizations or screening programs should be included? ?Tetanus (NLAC) ?Rabies? ?Hepatitis B? (AntiHBs) ?Other immunizations? ?TB testing? ?Serum banking? 動(dòng)物感染實(shí)驗(yàn)使用規(guī)範(fàn) Animal biosafety level 1~4 ?一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作程序 – 工作人員設(shè)限並遵守生物安全性手冊(cè) – 洗手 – 禁食 – 個(gè)人防護(hù)設(shè)備並且不要穿戴到別的區(qū)域 – 去污及高壓滅菌 – 動(dòng)物房舍門需往內(nèi)開且能自動(dòng)關(guān)閉 – 蟲害防制 動(dòng)物感染實(shí)驗(yàn)使用規(guī)範(fàn) ?二級(jí)以上需求 – 人員接受處理病原訓(xùn)練 – 進(jìn)出實(shí)驗(yàn)室需管制 – 受污尖銳物品需特別處理 – 操作過程需有防護(hù)櫃 – 動(dòng)物房外張貼警告標(biāo)誌 – 人員接種疫苗及收集血清樣品 – 任何程序或政策改變時(shí)之額外訓(xùn)練 – 空氣循環(huán)不能至其他動(dòng)物房 – 動(dòng)物房須有去污滅菌鍋 動(dòng)物感染實(shí)驗(yàn)使用規(guī)範(fàn) ?三級(jí)以上需求 – 所有操作程序都必須在生物安全櫃或其它防護(hù)裝置下執(zhí)行 – 動(dòng)物籠在清洗前須滅菌處理 – 所有廢棄物丟棄前必須高壓滅菌處理 – 背扣式實(shí)驗(yàn)衣 – 鞋套或消毒池 – 動(dòng)物籠具有過濾網(wǎng) – 雙門走道或氣室 – 自動(dòng)式洗手臺(tái)或腳控制 – 動(dòng)物房門自動(dòng)關(guān)閉且密封 – 非再循環(huán)空調(diào)系統(tǒng) 動(dòng)物感染實(shí)驗(yàn)使用規(guī)範(fàn) ?四級(jí)以上需求 – 完全隔離之建築物 – 滅菌後拋棄式動(dòng)物籠 – 門上鎖須主管或授權(quán)人員管制進(jìn)出 – 工作人員只能由更衣室及淋浴室進(jìn)出該設(shè)施並穿著類似太空裝之安全防護(hù) – 所有實(shí)驗(yàn)衣物須高壓滅菌處理 – 雙門滅菌鍋煙薰室或氣室 – 門窗防碎且密封 – 專用的非再循環(huán)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，廢氣需經(jīng) HEPA過濾及去污或燒燬處理 物理性 、 化學(xué)性及研發(fā)時(shí)相關(guān)危害 (Physical, Chemical and Protocol – related hazards) 物理性危害 (Physical hazards): 1. Animal bites, scratches, kicks and related hazards 2. Sharp objects: needles, broken glass etc., 3. Flammable materials 4. Pressure vessels 5. Lighting 6. Electricity 7. UV radiation 8. Lasers 9. Ionizing radiation 10. Noise 11. Machinery 放射性動(dòng)物試驗(yàn) 依原委會(huì)規(guī)範(fàn) ?動(dòng)物房設(shè)計(jì)及使用 (獨(dú)立、不滲透材質(zhì)、鉛版 …) ?動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)管理 (SOP、器具清洗、廢棄物、動(dòng)物組織或?qū)企w、工作人員保護(hù) ) ?建立可接受之污染程度範(fàn)圍 (實(shí)驗(yàn)室、動(dòng)物房、相關(guān)器材 …) 並例行監(jiān)測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)域及器材 ( 2millirem/hr) ?使用隔絕板以減少放射線物質(zhì)暴露、監(jiān)測(cè)工作人員暴露劑量 ?正確處置放射線廢棄物 ?安全訓(xùn)練及再教育 物理性 、 化學(xué)性及研發(fā)時(shí)相關(guān)危害 (Physical, Chemical and Protocol – related hazards)
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