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利用率較低時(shí),增加投入的效果不大。Suggestions for Managing Queues1. Determine an acceptable waiting time for your customers2. Try to divert your customer’s attention when waiting3. Inform your customers of what to expect4. Keep employees not serving the customers out of sight5. Segment customersSuggestions for Managing Queues (Continued)6. Train your servers to be friendly7. Encourage customers to e during the slack periods8. Take a longterm perspective toward getting rid of the queuesQueuing Approximation? This approximation is quick way to analyze a queuing situation. Now, both interarrival time and service time distributions are allowed to be general.? In general, average performance measures (waiting time in queue, number in queue, etc) can be very well approximated by mean and variance of the distribution (distribution shape not very important).? This is very good news for managers: all you need is mean and standard deviation, to pute average waiting timeQueue ApproximationInputs: S, ?, ?, (Alternatively: S, ?, ?, variances of interarrival and