【正文】 ed “Father of American Poetry”.◆ He was called “The poet of the Revolution”◆ He was born in New York and graduated from Princeton University.◆ He wrote lots of poems supporting American Revolution and human liberty.◆ He was the most notable representative of dawning American nationalism in literature.◆ His poems presented Romantic spirits but his form and taste were mainly influenced by Classicism.◆ Most famous poems: “The Wild Honey Suckle” and “The Indian Burying Ground”◆ Analyze and discuss the theme, rhyme scheme and some difficult dictions in “The Wild Honey Suckle”.Ⅶ Reflection Questions and AssignmentsReflection Questions1 How did Franklin and his writings help the formation of the American Dream? 2 What figures of speech are used in “The Declaration of Independence”?3 Analyze and discuss the theme, rhyme scheme and some difficult dictions in “The Wild Honey Suckle”.Assignments1 Discuss the influence of Puritanism in American literature, with emphasis on the elements of Puritan thought in the works of the colonial writers.2 Compare Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin.Ⅷ Major ReferencesEdward by Sculley Bradley. The American Tradition in Literature. Random House Inc., 1956.James D. Hart. The Oxford Companion to American Literature. 北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1995.常耀信.《美國文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史》. 天津：南開大學(xué)出版社，2003.常耀信.《漫話英美文學(xué)》. 天津：南開大學(xué)出版社，2004.董衡巽. 《美國文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史》(修訂本). 北京：人民文學(xué)出版社，2003.李公昭.《20世紀(jì)美國文學(xué)導(dǎo)論》. 西安：西安交通大學(xué)出版社，2000.劉洊波. 《英美文學(xué)史及作品選讀》. 北京：高等教育出版社，2001.錢青等. 《美國文學(xué)名著精選》（上，下）. 北京：商務(wù)印書館，1995.陶潔. 《美國文學(xué)選讀》（第二版）. 北京：高等教育出版社，2005.吳偉仁. 《美國文學(xué)史及選讀》（第一冊(cè)）. 北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1990.吳定柏. 《美國文學(xué)大綱》.上海：上海外語教育出版社，1998. 楊豈深，龍文佩. 《美國文學(xué)選讀》. 上海：譯文出版社，1985.張沖. 《新編美國文學(xué)史》（第一卷）. 上海：上海外語教育出版社，2000.左金梅.《美國文學(xué)》. 青島：青島海洋出版社, 2000.Lecture 2American Romanticism and New England Literature:Washington Irving and James Fenimore CooperⅠ Teaching ContentAmerican Romanticism。 James Fenimore CooperⅡ Time Allotment2 periodsⅢ Teaching Objectives and Requirements1 Make the students know clear about American Romanticism and its difference from European and British Romanticism. 2 Help the students to know about the main literary form, content and theme in American Romantic Period. 3 Help the students know about the early two romantic writers, Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper, especially their contributions to American Literature.4 Make the students have a general idea about Irving’s short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and have a good understanding of Irving’s short story “Rip Van Winkle”. 5 Make sure the students understand clearly about James Fenimore Cooper’s “Leather stocking Tales” Ⅳ Key Points and Difficult Points in Teaching1 American Romanticism 2 Washington Irving 3 James Fenimore Cooper 4 “Rip Van Winkle”Ⅴ Teaching Methods and Means Lecture。 MultimediaⅥ Teaching Process1 American Romanticism General Introduction(Review Romanticism in British literature)● Time: from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War● Reasons (Why American Romanticism emerged?)◆ Fast development of the new nation (Historically: the time of westward expansion。 Politically: democracy and political equality—the ideals of the new nation) —a promising new land with prevailed optimistic moods◆ Development of journalism (Some influential periodicals appeared, such as The Atlantic Monthly. They need more literary productions.)◆ Foreign influences (Review history of English literature.)(from the 18th century classicism to sentimentalism to PreRomanticism to Romanticism which can be divided into passive group and active group) (most influential British writers to American RomanticistsWalter Scott)● General features of Romanticism◆ Stressing emotion rather than reason◆ Stressing freedom and individuality◆ Stressing idealism rather than materialism◆ Writing about nature, medieval legends and with supernatural elements Features of American Romanticism (P4344)● Imitative ◆ against the literary forms and ideas of classicism, developing some relatively new forms of fiction and or poetry, emphasizing upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature, a liking for the picturesque, the exotic, the sensuous, the sensational, and the supernatural (P41)● Independent ◆ peculiar American experience (landscape, pioneering to the West, Indian civilization, new nation’s democracy and dreams) (P4142) ◆ Puritan heritage (more moralizing, edifying more than mere entertainment) (careful about love and sex. example: Scarlet Letter) (P42)◆ American national consciousness—the sense of mission Two periods and representatives● 1770s to 1830s—Early period◆ Representatives: Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper and New England poet◆ Two famous poets: William Cullen Bryant (first distinctive American lyric poet。 famous poems “Thanatopsis” and “To a Waterfowl”) and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (balancing Romantic spirits with classical and Christian taste。The Sketch Book.◆ The father of American Literature◆ The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism. 3 James Fenimore Cooper (1789 1851)● Life story◆ born in a rich family◆ attended Yale but expelled◆ five years at sea◆ inherited fortune then a fortable life◆ wrote lots of novels because he one day was disgusted by one novel● Major works◆ “Leather stocking Tales” (a series of five novels about the frontier life): The Pioneers, The Prairie, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Deerslayer◆ Central character: Natty Bumppo (several names for same character: Hawkeye, the Pathfinder, the Deer slayer, Leather stocking) (a typical frontier man: honest, simple, innocent, generous) (represents brotherhood of man, nature and freedom)◆ Theme: modern civilization advancing on the wilderness and the contradiction between them● Features◆.Goo